A province of east-central China crossed by the Wei He. One of the earliest cultural and political centers of China, the province is densely populated and highly industrialized. Xi'an is the capital. Population: 35,300,000.
Shaanxi
Dictionary:
Shaan·xi (shän'shē')  also Shen·si
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A province of east-central China crossed by the Wei He. One of the earliest cultural and political centers of China, the province is densely populated and highly industrialized. Xi'an is the capital. Population: 35,300,000.
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Shaanxi (shän'shē') or Shensi (shĕn'sē') [west of the mountain passes], province (1994 est. pop. 34,010,000), c.76,000 sq mi (196,840 sq km), N central China. Xi'an is the capital. From north to south Shaanxi has four main regions-the loess plateau, fertile but dry; the Wei River valley, rich agriculturally and the center of population; the Qinling divide, the highest range of the province; and the upper Han River valley. The valleys of the Wei and Han rivers and newly irrigated areas in the northwest are the main farming regions. Extensive reforestation, terracing, and irrigation have reclaimed much eroded land and increased agricultural output. Wheat, millet, cotton, soybeans, and corn are the chief crops. Rice, tea, and tung oil are produced in the south, and fruit orchards are cultivated in the upland areas. Livestock (notably sheep) are raised. Shaanxi has rich coal and iron deposits. Oil is extracted at Yanchang, just E of Yan-an, and salt is obtained from lakes. China's main east-west railroad traverses Shaanxi through the Wei valley. A branch line links the west with Chengdu in Sichuan prov. A highway ties the Wei valley to the northwest. Important population centers are Xi'an, Baoji, Tongchuan, Xianyang, and Yan'an. Since the 1960s, Shaanxi has developed industrially; cotton, once sent to Shanghai for processing, is spun and woven in the province. Shaanxi's main industrial city is Xi'an, which has a variety of heavy and light industries. Shaanxi, especially the Wei River valley, was one of the early major political and cultural centers of N China. The founders of the Chou, Ch'in, and T'ang dynasties built their power there, and the Manchus gave the province its present boundaries. There was a widespread Muslim rebellion in Shaanxi in the 1860s. In 1935 the Communist army came to Yan'an in Shaanxi on its "long march," and from 1935 until the assumption of power in 1949, Shaanxi was the seat of the Chinese Communists.
| Wikipedia: Shaanxi |
Not to be confused with the neighboring province of Shanxi.
| Shaanxi Province | |||||||||
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| Abbreviations: 陕 or 秦 (pinyin: Shǎn or Qín) | |||||||||
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| Origin of name | 陕 shǎn - Shanzhou (now Shan County, Henan) 西 xī - west "west of Shanzhou" |
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| Administration type | Province | ||||||||
| Capital (and largest city) |
Xi'an | ||||||||
| CPC Ctte Secretary | Zhao Leji | ||||||||
| Governor | Yuan Chunqing | ||||||||
| Area | 205,800 km2 (79,500 sq mi) (11th) | ||||||||
| Population (2004) - Density |
37,050,000 (17th) 180 /km2 (470 /sq mi) (21st) |
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| GDP (2008) - per capita |
CNY 685 billion (19th) CNY 18,246 (18th) |
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| HDI (2006) | 0.756 (medium) (20th) | ||||||||
| Ethnic composition | Han - 99.5% Hui - 0.4% |
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| Prefecture-level | 10 divisions | ||||||||
| County-level | 107 divisions | ||||||||
| Township-level* | 1745 divisions | ||||||||
| ISO 3166-2 | CN-61 | ||||||||
| Official website www.shaanxi.gov.cn (Simplified Chinese) |
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| Source for population and GDP data:
《中国统计年鉴—2005》 China Statistical Yearbook 2005
Source for nationalities data:
ISBN 7503747382 《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》 Tabulation on nationalities of 2000 population census of China
*As at December 31, 2004ISBN 7105054255 |
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| Template ■ Discussion ■ WikiProject China | |||||||||
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This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters. |
Shaanxi (help·info) (simplified Chinese: 陕西; traditional Chinese: 陝西; pinyin: Shǎnxī; Wade-Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal map spelling: Shensi) is a province in the Northwest China region of the People's Republic of China, and includes portions of the Loess Plateau on the middle reaches of the Yellow River as well as the Qinling Mountains across the southern part of the province.
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Romanization and Name
By regular Hanyu Pinyin rules, if tone marks are not written, both Shaanxi and the neighbouring province of Shanxi should be spelled "Shanxi"; the difference is in tone: Shānxī and Shǎnxī. To make the difference clear without tonal marks, the spelling "Shaanxi" was contrived (following the romanization system of Yuen Ren Chao) for the province of Shǎnxī, while "Shanxi" is used for the province of Shānxī. Shaanxi is the official spelling on Chinese Government's official web portal. This makes "Shaanxi" the only name of Chinese provinces that is not romanized according to pinyin rules. The word "Shan" means "Mountain" in the Thai/Tai/Dai/Lao/Shan language family.
The shan （山） in Shanxi （山西） means mountain, whereas the shan （陕）in Sha'anxi（陕西） means mountain hiding thieves. Both provinces are in the west, or Xi part of China （西）.
History
Shaanxi is considered one of the cradles of Chinese civilization. Thirteen feudal dynasties established their capitals in the province during a span of more than 1,100 years, from the Zhou Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty.
The province's principal city and current capital, Xi'an, is one of the four great ancient capitals of China and is the eastern terminus of the Silk Road, which leads to Europe, Arabia and Africa.
Under the Han Dynasty, the Northern Silk Road was expanded to advance exploration and military purposes to the west. This Northern Silk Road is the northernmost of the Silk Roads and is about 2600 kilometres in length. It connected the ancient Chinese capital of Xi'an to the west over the Wushao Ling Pass to Wuwei and emerging in Kashgar before linking to ancient Parthia.[1]
Under the Ming dynasty, Shaanxi was incorporated into Gansu but was again separated in the Qing dynasty.
One of the most devastating earthquakes in history occurred near Hua Shan, in south-eastern part of Shaanxi Province on January 23, 1556, killing an estimated 830,000 people (see 1556 Shaanxi earthquake).
The end of the short-lived Jiangxi Soviet signalled the beginning of the Long March by Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communists to the Shaanxi Soviet at Yan'an.
Geography
Desert in the north along the border with Inner Mongolia, the Loess Plateau in the central part of the province, the Qinling mountains running east to west in the south central part, and subtropical climate south of the Qinling mountains.
The northern part of Shaanxi is cold in the winter and very hot in summer with dry winter and spring. Its southern portion generally receives more rain. Annual mean temperature is roughly between 9°C and 16°C with January temperature ranging from −11°C to 3.5°C and July temperature ranging from 21°C to 28°C.
Other cities include: Baoji, Hanzhong, Lintong, Tongchuan, Xianyang, Yan'an, Ankang.
Administration
Shaanxi consists of nine prefecture-level cities and one sub-provincial city:
| Map | # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| 1 | Xi'an | 西安市 | Xī'ān Shì | Sub-provincial city | |
| 2 | Ankang | 安康市 | Ānkāng Shì | Prefecture-level city | |
| 3 | Baoji | 宝鸡市 | Bǎojī Shì | Prefecture-level city | |
| 4 | Hanzhong | 汉中市 | Hànzhōng Shì | Prefecture-level city | |
| 5 | Shangluo | 商洛市 | Shāngluò Shì | Prefecture-level city | |
| 6 | Tongchuan | 铜川市 | Tóngchuān Shì | Prefecture-level city | |
| 7 | Weinan | 渭南市 | Wèinán Shì | Prefecture-level city | |
| 8 | Xianyang | 咸阳市 | Xiányáng Shì | Prefecture-level city | |
| 9 | Yan'an | 延安市 | Yán'ān Shì | Prefecture-level city | |
| 10 | Yulin | 榆林市 | Yúlín Shì | Prefecture-level city |
See List of administrative divisions of Shaanxi for a complete list of county-level divisions.
Politics
Main article: Politics of Shaanxi
The politics of Shaanxi is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.
The Governor of Shaanxi is the highest ranking official in the People's Government of Shaanxi. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor is considered to have less power than the Shaanxi Communist Party of China Provincial Committee Secretary (中共陕西省委书记), colloquially termed the "Shaanxi CPC Party Chief"; since the Governor is always ranked as the First-Deputy Secretary in the Shaanxi Communist Party of China Provincial Committee.
Shaanxi was established as a provincial government since Qing Dynasty. In 10 January 1950, the People's Government of Shaanxi was established in Xi'an. Ma Minfang was then appointed as the first Governor of Shaanxi.
Economy
Shaanxi's nominal GDP for 2008 was 685.1 billion RMB (98 billion USD) and GDP Per Capita was 18,246 RMB (2,627 USD). It ranked 22nd in the PRC.
Economic and Technological Development Zones
- Baoji New & High-Tech Industry Area
- Xi'an Economic & Technological Development Zone
- Xi'an Export Processing Zone
- Xi'an New & High-Tech Industry Area
- Yangling Agricultural High-Tech Industry Area
Demographics
Nearly all the people in Shaanxi are ethnic Han Chinese, with pockets of Hui population in the north western region (adjacent to Ningxia). The southern part of Shaanxi, known as Guanzhong, where the provincial capital Xi'an is located, is more populated compared to the northern part.
Culture
- Qinqiang, the representative folk opera of Shaanxi.
- Also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi'an#Culture
Tourism
Banpo Neolithic village, near Xi'an
Daqin Pagoda Imperial mausoleums Zhao Mausoleum Huashan (Mount Hua), one of the five most famous mountains in China. Taibaishan (Mount Taibai), the highest peak of the Qinling Range. Mausoleum and Terracotta Army Museum of the First Qin Emperor in Xi'an (World Heritage Site) The city of Xi'an: City Walls, Great Mosque, Bell Tower and Drum Tower, Forest of Stone Steles Museum, Shaanxi History Museum, Wild Goose Pagoda Yan'an, the destination of the Long March and the center of Chinese Communist revolution from 1935 to 1948 Biang Biang Noodles, one of the "ten strange wonders of Shaanxi" (陝西十大怪)
Media
- Shaanxi Radio serves Xi'an and the surrounding Shaanxi province area with music, and news.
- The Story of Yue Fei, a 17 – 18th century wuxia fiction novel about the life of Song Dynasty general Yue Fei, says his military arts teacher, Zhou Tong, was from Shaanxi.[2]
Education
Universities and colleges
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an Highway University
- Northwest University
- Xidian University
- Xi'an Institute of Posts and Telecommunications
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an University of Technology
- Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology
- Xi'an Medical University
- Shaanxi Education and Research Network
- Xi'an Petroleum Institute
- Xi'an Institute of Technology
- Fourth Military Medical University
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Shaanxi Institute of Finance and Economics
- Northwest Institute of Textile Science and Technology
- NorthWest Agriculture University
Sports
Professional sports teams based in Shaanxi include:
- Chinese Basketball Association
- Chinese Football Association Jia League
- Xi'an Anxinyuan
References
- ^ Silk Road, North China, C.Michael Hogan, the Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham
- ^ Qian, Cai. General Yue Fei. Trans. Honorable Sir T.L. Yang. Joint Publishing (H.K.) Co., Ltd., 1995 (ISBN 978-962-04-1279-0)
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Shaanxi |
Coordinates: 34°00′N 109°00′E / 34°N 109°E
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 | Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more |
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