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n.

1. An area that is not or is only partially irradiated or illuminated because of the interception of radiation by an opaque object between the area and the source of radiation.
2. The rough image cast by an object blocking rays of illumination. See synonyms at shade.
3. An imperfect imitation or copy.
4. shadows The darkness following sunset.
5. A feeling or cause of gloom or unhappiness: The argument cast a shadow on their friendship.
6. 1. A nearby or adjoining region; vicinity: grew up in the shadow of the ballpark.
   2. A dominating presence or influence: spent years working in the shadow of the lab director.
7. 1. A darkened area of skin under the eye. Often used in the plural.
   2. An incipient growth of beard that makes the skin look darker.
8. A shaded area in a picture or photograph.
9. A mirrored image or reflection.
10. A phantom; a ghost.
11. 1. One, such as a detective or spy, that follows or trails another.
    2. A constant companion.
    3. Sports. A player who guards an opponent closely.
12. A faint indication; a foreshadowing.
13. A vestige or inferior form: shadows of their past achievements.
14. An insignificant portion or amount; a trace: beyond a shadow of a doubt.
15. Shelter; protection: under the shadow of their corporate sponsor.

v., -owed, -ow·ing, -ows.

v.tr.

1. To cast a shadow on; shade.
2. To make gloomy or dark; cloud.
3. To represent vaguely, mysteriously, or prophetically.
4. To darken in a painting or drawing; shade in.
5. To follow, especially in secret; trail.
6. Sports. To guard (an opponent) closely throughout the playing area, especially in ice hockey.

v.intr.

1. To change by gradual degrees.
2. To become clouded over as if with shadows: Her face shadowed with sorrow.

adj.

Not having official status: a shadow government of exiled leaders; a shadow cabinet.

[Middle English, from Old English sceaduwe, oblique case of sceadu, shade, shadow.]

shadower shad'ow·er n.

WORD HISTORY   Shade and shadow are not only related in meaning; historically they are the same word. In Old English, the ancestor of Modern English spoken a thousand years ago, nouns were inflected; that is, they had different forms depending on how they were used in a sentence. One of the inflected forms of the Old English noun sceadu, translatable as either “shade” or “shadow,” was sceaduwe; this form was used when the word was preceded by a preposition (as in in sceaduwe, “in the shade, in shadow”). As time went on these two forms of the same word were interpreted as two separate words. The same thing happened to other Old English words, too: our mead and meadow come from two different case-forms of the same Old English word for “meadow.”

A region of darkness caused by the presence of an opaque object interposed between such a region and a source of light. A shadow can be totally dark only in that part called the umbra, in which all parts of the source are screened off. With a point source, the entire shadow consists of an umbra, since there can be no region in which only part of the source is eclipsed. If the source has an appreciable extent, however, there exists a transition surrounding the umbra, called the penumbra, which is illuminated by only part of the source. Depending on what fraction of the source is exposed, the illumination in the penumbra varies from zero at the edge of the full shadow to the maximum where the entire source is exposed. The edge of the umbra is not perfectly sharp, even with an ideal point source, because of the wave character of light. See also Diffraction; Eclipse.

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noun

1. Comparative darkness that results from the blocking of light rays: penumbra, shade, umbra, umbrage. See light/darkness.
2. A supernatural being, such as a ghost: apparition, bogey, bogeyman, bogle, eidolon, ghost, phantasm, phantasma, phantom, revenant, shade, specter, spirit, visitant, wraith. Informal spook. Regional haunt. See beings, supernatural.
3. An agent assigned to observe and report on another: watcher. Informal tail. See investigate.
4. A slight amount or indication: breath, dash, ghost, hair, hint, intimation, semblance, shade, soupçon, streak, suggestion, suspicion, taste, tinge, touch, trace, whiff, whisper. Informal whisker. See big/small/amount, show/hide.

verb

1. To shelter, especially from light: screen, shade. See protection/exposure.
2. To make dim or indistinct: becloud, bedim, befog, blear, blur, cloud, dim, dull, eclipse, fog, gloom, mist, obfuscate, obscure, overcast, overshadow. See clear/unclear.
3. To make dark or darker: adumbrate, darken, shade. See light/darkness.
4. To keep (another) under surveillance by moving along behind: dog, follow, track, trail. Informal bird-dog, tail. See precede/follow.

Idioms beginning with shadow:
shadow of one's self

In addition to the idiom beginning with shadow, also see afraid of one's own shadow; beyond a (shadow of a) doubt.

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n

Definition: darkness
Antonyms: brightness, light

n

Definition: hint, suggestion
Antonyms: information

v

Definition: make dark
Antonyms: brighten, lighten

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 (Analytical Psychology)

In Carl Gustav Jung's analytical psychology, the shadow as a concept comprises everything the conscious personality experiences as negative. In dreams and fantasies the shadow appears with the characteristics of a personality of the same sex as the ego, but in a very different configuration. It is presented as the eternal antagonist of an individual or group, or the dark brother within, who always accompanies one, the way Mephistopheles accompanied Goethe's Faust.

The role of the shadow within is sometimes hidden, and sometimes rejected or repressed, by the conscious ego. In the latter case it is pushed into the unconscious, where, because of its energy, it acts as a complex. People can, for example, be fully aware that they are avaricious, greedy, or aggressive and still manage to hide these truths from others beneath the mask of the persona. But they can also repress those characteristics. Then they are no longer conscious of them at all, and their moral ego is reestablished.

The shadow in everyone varies considerably depending on the guidelines in force within the family, the community, and the culture in which they grow up. Moreover, the shadow is not only made up of aspects of personality experienced as disagreeable or negative, but it can also have a positive side.

When the shadow is not integrated into the conscious personality and remains unconscious, it can manifest itself in two different forms. On the one hand, it can project itself onto another person in one's immediate or distant circle, leading to serious conflicts among siblings, couples, or colleagues that have a tendency to recur and lead to lasting misunderstandings. On the other hand, it can also cause deflation, so that those involved find themselves subjugated and thus inferior, bad, or clumsy. In fact, the shadow corresponds to what one does not want to become but still is, within the self. It is even something necessary, for just as a painting needs shadow to give it life and depth, each human needs a shadow—as illustrated by Peter Schlemihl de Chamisso (1824)—to become a true human being with all the genuine weaknesses and defects, qualities which can even make them likeable.

Jung developed and enriched the concept of the shadow throughout the 1930s, when he began studying closely alchemical literature and iconography in relation to his experience and conception of the process of individuation. He compared the "black work" of the alchemists (the nigredo) with the often highly critical involvement experienced by the ego, until it accepts the new equilibrium brought about by the creation of the self.

In the work he did after World War II, Jung developed the distinction between the personal shadow and the collective shadow, emphasizing the fact that while recognition and analysis of the shadow lead to a confrontation with the drives and the most intimate representations, they also lead to a confrontation with the collective unconscious. It is this that gives rise to projections of the shadow onto other cultures, other peoples, and other races—something that occurred during the twentieth century to an alarming extent.

Bibliography

Jung, Carl Gustav. (1921). Psychological types. Collected works, v. 6. Princeton: Princeton University Press (Bollingen Series).

——. (1928d). Instinct and the unconscious. Collected works, v. 8. Princeton: Princeton University Press (Bollingen Series).

——. (1944). Psychology and alchemy. Collected works, v. 12. Princeton: Princeton University Press (Bollingen Series).

——. (1951). Aïon: researches into the phenomenology of the self. Collected works, v. 9. Princeton: Princeton University Press (Bollingen Series).

——. (1955-1956). Mysterium conjunctionis: an inquiry into the separation and synthesis of psychic opposites in alchemy. Collected works, v. 14. Princeton: Princeton University Press (Bollingen Series).

—HANS DIECKMANN

(DOD) To observe and maintain contact (not necessarily continuously) with a unit or force.

IN BRIEF: n. - Something existing in perception only; An unilluminated area; A figure projected in silhouette by means of interception of light.

Beware lest you lose the substance by grasping at the shadow. — Aesop, Source: Fables, "The Dog and the Shadow," 6th century, BC

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Common misspelling(s) of shadow

• shaddow

Dansk (Danish)
n. - skygge, skyggebillede, antydning
v. tr. - skygge, overskygge, følge efter
v. intr. - kaste skygge
adj. - skygge-

idioms:

• five o'clock shadow    eftermiddagsskæg
• in the shadow of    i skyggen af
• shadow cabinet    skyggekabinet
• shadow government    skyggeregering
• without a shadow of a doubt    uden den mindste tvivl
• worn to a shadow    slidt helt ned, helt udslidt

Nederlands (Dutch)
schaduw, zwakke afspiegeling, schaduwen

Français (French)
n. - (lit, fig) ombre, détective/policier qui file qn, voile, soupçon de (vérité), ténèbres (npl)
v. tr. - projeter une ombre, filer, prendre en filature
v. intr. - projeter une ombre, filer, prendre en filature
adj. - sombre, flou, indistinct, vague, mystérieux

idioms:

• five o'clock shadow    barbe de plusieurs jours
• in the shadow of    dans l'ombre de
• shadow cabinet    (GB, Pol) cabinet fantôme
• shadow government    gouvernement fantôme
• without a shadow of a doubt    sans l'ombre d'un doute
• worn to a shadow    l'ombre de lui même

Deutsch (German)
n. - Schatten
v. - beschatten
adj. - schattenhaft, Schatten...

idioms:

• five o'clock shadow    Stoppelbart
• in the shadow of    im Schatten von
• shadow cabinet    Schattenkabinett
• shadow government    Schattenregierung
• without a shadow of a doubt    ohne den Schatten eines Zweifels
• worn to a shadow    sich völlig aufgerieben habend

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - ίσκιος, σκιά, ίχνος, φάντασμα, ζόφος, πιστός ακόλουθος, (ως επίθ.) σκιώδης
v. - σκιάζω, επισκιάζω, παρακολουθώ κατά πόδας, προοιωνίζομαι

idioms:

• five o'clock shadow    ελαφρά αξυρισιά, γένια μιας μέρας
• in the shadow of    στη σκιά, υπό τη σκιά του
• shadow cabinet    σκιώδες υπουργικό συμβούλιο, σκιώδης κυβέρνηση
• shadow government    σκιώδης κυβέρνηση
• without a shadow of a doubt    χωρίς ίχνος αμφιβολίας
• worn to a shadow    σκιά του εαυτού του

Italiano (Italian)
ombra, traccia, pedinare

idioms:

• five o'clock shadow    barba non rasata di fresco
• in someone's shadow    all'ombra di qualcuno
• in the shadow of    all'ombra di
• shadow cabinet    governo ombra
• without a shadow of a doubt    senza ombra di dubbio
• worn to a shadow    esausto

Português (Portuguese)
n. - sombra (f), obscuridão (f)
v. - seguir de perto

idioms:

• five o'clock shadow    a sombra da barba no homem às 5 horas
• in someone's shadow    na sombra de alguém
• in the shadow of    à sombra de
• shadow cabinet    políticos no parlam. britânico que receberiam ministérios se o partido estivesse
• without a shadow of a doubt    sem sombra de dúvida
• worn to a shadow    ser reduzido a uma sombra

Русский (Russian)
тень, полумрак, неизвестность, сумерки, мрак, уныние, неясное очертание, призрак, намек, теневой, оппозиционный, затенять, омрачать, туманно излагать, изображать символически, предсказывать, следовать по пятам

idioms:

• five o'clock shadow    слегка небритый
• in someone's shadow    в тени кого-л., кто затмевает достоинства
• in the shadow of    вблизи (чего-л.), поблизости от (чего-л.)
• shadow cabinet    теневой кабинет
• without a shadow of a doubt    нет и тени сомнения, нет ни малейшего сомнения
• worn to a shadow    измученный, истощенный

Español (Spanish)
n. - vestigio, indicio, pizca, espectro, aparición, vigilar de cerca, sombra
v. tr. - sombrear, oscurecer, dar sombra, ensombrecer, espiar, seguir, matizar
v. intr. - pasar gradualmente, nublarse
adj. - de sombras

idioms:

• five o'clock shadow    barba de varios días
• in the shadow of    a la sombra de
• shadow cabinet    gabinete fantasma
• shadow government    gobierno fantasma
• without a shadow of a doubt    ni sombra de duda
• worn to a shadow    reducido a una sombra, agotado

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - skugga, skuggbild, skenbild, ständig följeslagare
v. - skugga, kasta en skugga över, följa efter

中文（简体） (Chinese (Simplified))
阴影, 影像, 影子, 遮蔽, 预示, 使朦胧, 渐变, 变阴暗, 影子内阁的, 非正式的, 非官方的

idioms:

• five o'clock shadow    早上刮过晚上又长出的胡须
• in the shadow of    在...附近
• shadow cabinet    影子内阁
• shadow government    影子政府
• without a shadow of a doubt    一点儿也不怀疑
• worn to a shadow    瘦得不成样子, 疲乏无力

中文（繁體） (Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 陰影, 影像, 影子
v. tr. - 遮蔽, 預示, 使朦朧
v. intr. - 漸變, 變陰暗
adj. - 影子內閣的, 非正式的, 非官方的

idioms:

• five o'clock shadow    早上刮過晚上又長出的鬍鬚
• in the shadow of    在...附近
• shadow cabinet    影子內閣
• shadow government    影子政府
• without a shadow of a doubt    一點兒也不懷疑
• worn to a shadow    瘦得不成樣子, 疲乏無力

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 그림자, 어둠, 늘 따라 다니는 사람
v. tr. - 어둡게 하다, (그림에) 그늘을 넣다, ~을 보호하다
v. intr. - 서서히 변화하다, (얼굴이) 흐려지다, (얼굴이) 어두워지다
adj. - 그림자의

idioms:

• in the shadow of    ~의 아주 가까이에, 방금 이라도, ~이 되려고 하여
• without a shadow of a doubt    추호의 의심도 없이

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 物影, 影, 人影, 影像, よく似たもの, 暗い部分, 暗, 陰, 暗がり, 亡霊, 尾行者, 陰影
v. - 陰にする, 陰を付ける, さえぎる, 付きまとう, 前兆となる, ぼんやり示す, 徐々に変化する, 曇る

idioms:

• in someone's shadow    ～のすぐ近くに
• in the shadow of    …のすぐ近くに
• shadow cabinet    影の内閣
• shadow government    影の内閣
• without a shadow of a doubt    いささかの疑いもなく

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) ظل, صورة, خيال (فعل) يظلل, يحزن, يتعقب‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮צל, רוח, הבל, תעתועים, תחושת-מועקה, עצב, אות מאיים, הסימן הקל ביותר, כחל לעיניים, שמץ, למידה מאדם בעת עבודתו, מלווה צמוד‬
v. tr. - ‮הטיל צל, בלש, עקב‬
v. intr. - ‮התכסה בצללים, השתנה (בהדרגה)‬
adj. - ‮של מילואים, להפעלה בעת הצורך‬

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shadow	Shadow Box
Shadow Mask	Eye Shadow