King Hussien , Founder of Kingdom of Hejaz
King Abdulaziz Ibn Saud , founder of Saudi Arabia
The Sharif of Mecca (Arabic:شريف مكة) or Sharif of Hejaz
(Arabic:شريف الحجاز) was the title of the former governers of Hejaz and a traditional steward of the holy cities of Mecca and Medina . The term Sharif means noble in Arabic, and indicates descent from Muhammad.
The sharif was charged with protecting the cities and their environs and ensuring the safety of pilgrims performing the
Hajj. The title is sometimes spelled Sheriff or Sherif, with the latter variant used,
for example, by T.E. Lawrence in Seven
Pillars of Wisdom. The common-law political and legal office of sheriff found in some anglophone countries is unrelated.
Since 1201, the Sharifate was held by a member of the House of
Hashem, which traces its lineage back to Hasan bin Ali, the eldest son of
Ali ibn Abi Talib; descendants of this family continued to hold the position until the Twentieth
Century. In 1517, the Sharif acknowledged the supremacy of the Ottoman Caliph, but remained largely independent.
The Sharifate came to an end shortly after the reign of Hussein bin
Ali, who rebelled against the Ottoman rule during the Arab Revolt of 1916. After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in 1918 and its subsequent dissolution
in 1923, Hussein declared himself Caliph. The British granted
control over the newly formed states of Iraq and Transjordan
to his sons Faisal and Abdullah. In
1924, however, in the face of increasing attacks by Ibn
Saud, Hussein abdicated his secular titles to his eldest son, Ali bin Hussein, who
was to become the last Grand Sharif. At the end of 1924, the Ibn Saud conquered the
Hejaz and expelled the Hashemites. The House of Saud has
since exercised [1]stewardship over the holy cities and the
Hajj, without claiming the title of Sharif of Hejaz.
List of Sharifs of Mecca
Pre-Ayyubid Dynasty
- Muhammed Abu-Jafar Al-Thalab (The fox) (967 - 980)
- Sharif Essa (980 - 994)
- Sharif Abu Al-Futooh (994 - 1039)
- Sharif Shukrul-Din (1039 - 1061)
- Abul-Hashim ibn Muhammed (1061 - 1094)
- Ibn Abul-Hashim Al-Thalab (1094 - 1201)
During Ayyubid Empire (1174) - (1254)
- Ibn Abul-Hashim Al-Thalab (1094 - 1201)
- Qatada Abul-Aziz (1201 - 1220)
- Ibn Qatada Al-Hashimi (1220 - 1241)
- Al-Hassan abul-Saad (1241 - 1254)
During Mamluk Empire (1254) - (1517)
- Muhammed abul-Nubaj (1254 - 1301) First Mamluk Sharif after the fall of Ayyubid Empire
- Rumaitha Abul-Rada (1301 - 1346)
- Aljan Abul-Sarjah (1346 - 1375)
- Al-Hassan II (1394 - 1425)
- Barakat I (1425 - 1455)
- Malik ul-Adil ibn Muhammed ibn Barakat (1455 - 1497)
- Barakat II bin Muhammed (Barakat Efendi) (1497 - 1525) , Built the first Walls of Jeddah by
order of Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri
During Ottoman Empire (1517) - (1916)
- Barakat Efendi (1497 - 1525) , First Ottoman Sharif ,Hejaz became an ottoman state after the fall of Cairo to sultan Mahmud II.
- Muhammed Abul-Nubaj bin Barakat (1525-1583) , Rebuilt the walls of Jeddah in 1525 following the victory over Portuguese Armada in the
Red Sea
- Al-Hassan bin Muhammad Abul-Nubaj (1583-1601)
- Idris bin Al-Hassan (1601-1610)
- Muhsin bin Hussein (1610-1628)
- Ahmed bin Talib Al-Hasan (1628-1629)
- Masud bin Idris (Masut Efendi) (1629-1630)
- Abdullah bin Hassan (1630 - 1631)
- Zeid bin Muhsin (1631 - 1666)
- Saad bin Zeid (1666 - 1667)
- Muhsin bin Ahmed (1667 - 1668)
- Saad bin Zeid (1668 - 1670)
- Homud bin Abdullah bin Al-Hasan (1670 - 1670)
- Saad bin Zeid (1670 - 1671)
- Barakat bin Muhammed (1672 - 1682)
- Said bin Barakat (1682 - 1683)
- Ibrahim bin Muhammed (1683 - 1684)
- Ahmed bin Zeid (1684 - 1688)
- Ahmed bin Ghalib (1688 - 1689)
- Muhsin bin Ahmed (1689 - 1691)
- Said bin Saad (1691 - 1693)
- Saad bin Zeid (1693 - 1694)
- Abdullah bin Hashim (1694 - 1694)
- Saad bin Zeid (1694 - 1702)
- Said bin Saad (1702 - 1704)
- Abdulmuhsin bin Ahmad (1704 - 1704)
- Abdulkarim bin Muhammed (1704 - 1705)
- Said bin Saad (1705 - 1705)
- Abdulkarim bin Muhammed (1705 - 1711)
- Said bin Saad (1711 - 1717)
- Abdullah bin Said (1717 - 1718)
- Ali bin Said (1718 - 1718)
- Yahya bin Barakaat (1718 - 1719)
- Mubarak bin Ahmad (1719 - 1722)
- Barakaat bin Yahya (1722 - 1723)
- Mubarak bin Ahmad (1723 - 1724)
- Abdullah bin Said (1724 - 1731)
- Muhammed bin Abdullah (1731 - 1732)
- Masud bin Said (1732 - 1733)
- Muhammed bin Abdullah (1733 - 1734)
- Masud bin Said (1734 - 1759)
- Jafar bin Said (1759 - 1760)
- Musa'ed bin Said (1760 - 1770)
- Ahmad bin Said (1770 - 1770)
- Abdullah bin Hussein (1770 - 1773)
- Surour bin Musa'ed (1773 - 1788)
- Abdulmuin bin Musa'ed (1788 - 1788)
- Ghalib Efendi bin Musa'ed (1788 - 1803)
- Yahya bin Surour (1803 - 1813) (jailed in Istanbul during war)
- Ghalib Efendi bin Musa'ed (1813 - 1827)
- Abdulmutalib bin Ghalib (1827 - 1827)
- Muhammed bin Abdulmuin (1827 - 1851)
- Abdulmutalib bin Ghalib (1851 - 1856)
- Muhammed bin Abdulmuin (1856 - 1858)
- Abdullah Kamil Pasha (1858 - 1877)
- Hussein bin Muhammed (1877 - 1880)
- Abdulmutalib bin Ghalib (1880 - 1882)
- Aun Al-Rafiq Pasha (1882 - 1905)
- Ali Abdullah Pasha (1905 - 1908)
- Hussein bin Ali Pasha (1908 - 1916) (King Hussein later)
- Ali Haidar Pasha (1916 - 1917)
During Kingdom of Hejaz (1916) - (1926)
During Saudi Arabia
Who formally abolished the Sharifate and installed his son to be governor of the region.
References
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