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Shear strength

 
Sci-Tech Dictionary: shear strength
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(′shir ′streŋkth)

(mechanics) The maximum shear stress which a material can withstand without rupture. The ability of a material to withstand shear stress.

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Dental Dictionary: shear strength
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n

1. resistance to a tangential force. 2. resistance to a twisting motion.

Geography Dictionary: shear strength
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The ability of a rock or soil to withstand shearing, which can be measured, for example, in river banks, with a shear van tester. Shear strength can be resolved into cohesion, friction, and angle components using:

s = c +σtanΦ
where s = shear strength in N/m2 , c =cohesion in N/m2, ζ =normal stress in N/m2, and Φ is the friction angle in degrees.

Normal stress may be computed from the observed failure of block geometry using
ζ = γνcosβ
where gamma = soil unit weight, ν = block volume failure per unit reach length in m3/m, and β = the failure-plane angle.

Architecture: shear strength
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The maximum shear stress which a material or soil is capable of sustaining.

Wikipedia: Shear strength
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 This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2007)

Shear strength in engineering is a term used to describe the strength of a material or component against the type of yield or structural failure where the material or component fails in shear.

In structural and mechanical engineering the shear strength of a component is important for designing the dimensions and materials to be used for the manufacture/construction of the component (e.g. beams, plates, or bolts) In a reinforced concrete beam, the main purpose of stirrups is to increase the shear strength.

For shear stress τ applies

\tau = \frac {\sigma_1 - \sigma_2}{2} ,

where

σ1 is major principal stress
σ2 is minor principal stress

In general: ductile materials fail in shear (ex. aluminum), whereas brittle materials (ex. cast iron) fail in tension. See tensile strength.

To calculate: Given failing force and area, example-bolt shear strength:

\tau = \frac {F}{A} = \frac {F}{\pi r_{bolt}^2} = \frac {4F}{\pi d_{bolt}^2}


As a very rough guide[1]:

Material Ultimate Strength Relationship Yield Strength Relationship
Steels USS = approx. 0.75*UTS SYS = approx. 0.58*TYS
Ductile Iron USS = approx. 0.9*UTS SYS = approx. 0.75*TYS
Malleable Iron USS = approx. 1.0*UTS
Wrought Iron USS = approx. 0.83*UTS
Cast Iron USS = approx. 1.3*UTS
Aluminiums USS = approx. 0.65*UTS SYS = approx. 0.55*TYS

USS: Ultimate Shear Strength, UTS: Ultimate Tensile Strength, SYS: Shear Yield Stress, TYS: Tensile Yield Stress


See also

References

  1. ^ http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Matter/shear_tensile.htm
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Sci-Tech Dictionary. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms. Copyright © 2003, 1994, 1989, 1984, 1978, 1976, 1974 by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Dental Dictionary. Mosby's Dental Dictionary. Copyright © 2004 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Geography Dictionary. A Dictionary of Geography. Copyright © Susan Mayhew 1992, 1997, 2004. All rights reserved.  Read more
Architecture. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture and Construction. Copyright © 2003 by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Shear strength".  Read more