Despotism is a form of government characterized by a single ruling entity with absolute power. The single entity can be an individual, autocracy, or a group, oligarch).

A relationship between instances of a single entity type is called a self-relationship or recursive relationship. This type of relationship occurs when an entity is related to other instances of the same entity type within the same entity set.

Entity instance is a single occurrence of an entity type. Also known as an instance. Unlike entity type, many instances of entity type may be represented by data stored in the database.

Record

We assign the symbol "1", pronounced by the word sound "wun", to a single entity, for purpose of letting all know that whatever that entity is, it is a single entity.

If then another entity appears, by any means, and we wish to describe that there is now an additional single entity, we assign the symbol "2", pronounced by the word sound "too".

Note that the entities may each be the same, as in "2" apples. Or the entities may be different, say an apple and orange, but we simply wish to describe how many entities of any type are there.

Whenever we place a single entity next to another single entity, we call the combined entities "2", and know that there are thus that many entities there, regardless as to any other characteristics they may have.

We then decided that if we had "2" entities, and added another single entity, still called "1", that we'd call the end result three. And so on.

Thus 1 plus 1 equals 2 because "1" stands for a single entity, and when we add it to another single entity, we've agreed to label that "2".