| Sinop | |
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  Sinop
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| Coordinates: 42°02′N 35°09′E / 42.033°N 35.15°E | |
| Country |  Turkey |
| Region | Black Sea |
| Province | Sinop |
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) |
| - Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) |
| Website | www.sinop.bel.tr |
Sinop (Greek: Σινώπη, Sinópe) is a city with a population of 47,000 on İnce Burun (İnceburun, Cape Ince), by its Cape Sinop (Sinop Burnu, Boztepe Cape, Boztepe Burnu) which is situated on the most northern edge of the Turkish side of Black Sea coast, in the ancient region of Paphlagonia, in modern-day northern Turkey, historically known as Sinope. It is the capital of Sinop Province.
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History
Long used as a Hittite port which appears in Hittite sources as "Sinuwa" (J. Garstang, The Hittite Empire, p. 74), the city proper was re-founded as a Greek colony from the city of Miletus in the 7th century BC (Xenophon, Anabasis 6.1.15; Diodorus Siculus 14.31.2; Strabo 12.545). Sinope flourished as the Black Sea port of a caravan route that led from the upper Euphrates valley (Herodotus 1.72; 2.34), issued its own coinage, founded colonies, and gave its name to a red arsenic sulfate mined in Cappadocia, called "Sinopic red earth" (Miltos Sinôpikê) or sinople. It escaped Persian domination until the early 4th century BC, and in 183 BC it was captured by Pharnaces I and became capital of the kingdom of Pontus. Lucullus conquered Sinope for Rome in 70 BC, and Julius Caesar established a Roman colony there, Colonia Julia Felix, in 47 BC. Mithradates Eupator was born and buried at Sinope, and it was the birthplace of Diogenes, of Diphilus, poet and actor of the New Attic comedy, of the historian Baton, and of the Christian heretic of the 2nd century AD, Marcion.
It remained with the Empire of the East or the Byzantines. It was a part of the Empire of Trebizond from the sacking of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade in 1204 until the capture of the city by the Seljuk Turks of Rûm in 1214.
After 1261, Sinop became home to two successive independent emirates following the fall of the Seljuks: the Pervâne and the Candaroğlu. It was captured by the Ottomans in 1458.
In November 1853, at the start of the Crimean War, in the Battle of Sinop, the Russians, under the command of Admiral Nakhimov, destroyed an Ottoman frigate squadron in Sinop, leading Britain and France to declare war on Russia.
Sinop was also a US military base that was important for intelligence during the cold war era. The US base was closed in 1992.
Historic sites
- Sinop Fortress
- Sinop Fortress Prison
Miscellaneous
Sinope is the outermost satellite of Jupiter.
Sinop has given its name to a crater on Mars.
International relations
Twin towns — Sister cities
Sinop has 10 sister cities
Mosjoen, Norway
Jarve, Estonia
Swansea, United kingdom
Varna, Bulgaria
Tamrida, Yemen
Izki, Oman
Dunedin, New Zealand
Murmansk, Russia
Lyon, France- Çorlu, Turkey
See also
External links
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Learning resources from WikiversityReferences
- John Garstang, The Hittite Empire (University Press, Edinburgh, 1930).
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