smell
Top
(smĕl) 
v., smelled, or smelt (smĕlt), smell·ing, smells. v.tr.
v., smelled, or smelt (smĕlt), smell·ing, smells. v.tr.
- To perceive the scent of (something) by means of the olfactory nerves.
- To sense the presence of by or as if by the olfactory nerves; detect or discover: We smelled trouble ahead. The committee tried to smell out corruption in law enforcement.
- To use the sense of smell; perceive the scent of something.
- To have or emit an odor: "The breeze smelled exactly like Vouvray-flowery, with a hint of mothballs underneath" (Anne Tyler).
- To be suggestive; have a touch of something: a cave that smells of terror.
- To have or emit an unpleasant odor; stink: This closet smells.
- To appear to be dishonest; suggest evil or corruption.
- The sense by which odors are perceived; the olfactory sense.
- That quality of something that may be perceived by the olfactory sense.
- The act or an instance of smelling.
- A distinctive enveloping or characterizing quality; an aura or trace: the smell of success.
smell a rat Slang.
- To suspect that something is wrong.
[Middle English smellen.]
SYNONYMS smell, aroma, odor, scent. These nouns denote a quality that can be perceived by the olfactory sense: the smell of gas; the aroma of frying onions; hospital odors; the scent of pine needles.
Roget's Thesaurus:
Top
smell
verb
- To perceive with the olfactory sense: nose, scent, sniff, snuff, whiff. Idioms: catchgeta whiff of. See smells/good smells/bad smells/smell.
- To have or give off a foul odor: reek, stink. Idioms: smell to high heaven. See smells/good smells/bad smells/smell.
- To have a particular flavor or suggestion of something: savor, smack2, suggest, taste. See suggest.
noun
- The sense by which odors are perceived: nose, olfaction, scent. See smells/good smells/bad smells/smell.
- The quality of something that may be perceived by the olfactory sense: aroma, odor, scent. See smells/good smells/bad smells/smell.
- A general impression produced by a predominant quality or characteristic: air, ambiance, atmosphere, aura, feel, feeling, mood, tone. See be.
Top
Idioms beginning with smell:
smell a rat
smell fishy
smell up
See also come up (smelling like) roses; stink (smell) to high heaven.
Columbia Encyclopedia:
Top
smell
smell, sense that enables an organism to perceive and distinguish the odors of various substances, also known as olfaction. In humans, the organ of smell is situated in the mucous membrane of the upper portion of the nasal cavity near the septum. It is made up of the olfactory cells, which are actually nerve cells that function as receptors for the sense of smell. The free ends of the cells project outward from the epithelial tissue in the form of numerous hairlike processes. These fibers are buried in the mucus that coats the inner surface of the nasal cavity and are stimulated by various odors. Nerve fibers extend from the olfactory cells to an area of the brain called the olfactory bulb. Any disturbance of the nasal cavity-such as the common cold-in which the olfactory hairs are covered with excess mucus or other material, interferes with the sense of smell. Most physiologists agree that although a substance must be volatile to be sniffed by the nose, it must subsequently be dissolved in the mucous lining of the nasal cavity to be smelled. It is also believed that there are only a few basic odors (perhaps about seven), and that all other odors are a combination of these. Attempts at classifying the so-called primary sensations of smell have not yet been successful. The sense of smell is not as strongly developed in humans as in many other vertebrates, particularly carnivores which employ olfactory organs to locate food and detect dangerous predators. To many invertebrates (especially insects) as well, smell is a highly developed sensory mechanism, necessary in obtaining food, in finding mating partners, and in recognizing other animals.
Smells appearing in the séance room have often been ascribed to a paranormal origin. Materializations in sittings with the medium Franek Kluski were associated with strong animal odors. Psychic perfumes were reported at séances of Carlos Mirabelli and Daniel Dunglas Home.
Top
Although all living things, both plant and animal, respond selectively to at least some of the chemicals in their environments, what we ordinarily mean by smell is more limited than this. There are really two ways of deciding whether or not we are dealing with smelling rather than some other chemical sense. In the vertebrates — fish, amphibians, reptiles, or mammal — we define smell as involving the stimulation of the first cranial nerve, the olfactory nerve. In the invertebrates, however, we refer to smell when the stimulating substance is airborne. Thus, for example, a moth finds his mate by means of smell. This inclusion of the invertebrates is important because much of the best controlled (and economically important) study has been and is being done on insects. In man, of course, both these qualifications apply and we speak of smell as involving the first cranial nerve and as having airborne molecules as its stimuli.
In man and other mammals the receptors for smell lie in the mucous membrane at the top or back of the air passages in the nose. These sensitive cells are in a constant state of decline and replacement. They are equipped with hairlike projections, the cilia, which protrude into the mucus and are the probable sites of odorant–receptor interaction. In man, the region of each nostril that they occupy is about the area of a postage stamp — small compared with, say, that in the dog. The cells send their axons directly into the olfactory bulb, which is also relatively small. (Smell is unique among the senses in not having connections through the thalamus to the 'new cortex' or neocortex that has developed in relation to the other sense departments. In fact, the older portion of the forebrain of mammals is called the 'rhinencephalon', or 'smell brain', because of this.) There are many fewer transmission cells in the bulb than there are receptors, and this fact, in addition to the preservation of spatial distribution from receptor surface to bulb, is thought to be important in the perception of odour quality. The system is sensitive and compares well, even in man, with most laboratory methods of analysis: for example, one form of musk can be detected by a 'normal' person at a dilution of less than one ten-millionth of a milligram per litre of air.
Attempts to understand the manner in which odorous molecules affect the receptor cells have led to considerable theorizing without conspicuous success. The problem to be solved is similar to that for any of the senses: how a stimulating agent so alters a cell as to set in play the series of events that result in one or more nerve impulses being transmitted to the central nervous system. In man it is obvious that the molecules either make their way through the mucus and affect the receptor directly in some way, or act at a distance. Both means have been proposed. In explanation of action at a distance, it has been suggested that the characteristic infrared absorption spectrum of a molecule leads it to absorb radiation from certain of the matching receptors. Unfortunately, this is thermodynamically impossible. Other absorption theories, such as the Raman spectrum and ultraviolet, seem aimed more at classifying the molecules than at implying action at a distance.
Theories supposing action directly on the receptor are better supported by modern research. Many have been developed with pharmacological or immunological models in mind. The current conception of the receptor cell membrane as a lipid (fatty) double layer in which protein molecules are embedded in mosaic fashion is compatible both with the suggestion that the molecules actually dissolve in (or 'puncture') the lipid, rather like the anesthetic action of ether, and with the notion that adsorption takes place on the proteins. Evidence of molecules that differ only in being 'right-' or 'left-handed' implies that the proteins are involved, and the theory provides a simple basis for understanding the selectivity of different cells. Precisely what energy transfer is involved is uncertain, but with modern membrane research methodology, including the use of radioactive tracers, resolution of this problem should be forthcoming.
The pervasive role of smell in everyday life is often overlooked. Many unpleasant smells, such as of garbage and offal in the city of not so long ago, have been got rid of. Highly sophisticated methods of washing, filtering, and incinerating odorous discharges have been developed, and there is a host of personal deodorants and air 'purifiers'. On the other side of the coin, the flavours of foods are pretty largely determined by odour — a fact recognized by the international flavour industry. Closely related is perfumery, with its long history.
In the fashions that have surrounded perfumery, sexual attractiveness may be involved. Certainly in many species, particularly the insects, naturally secreted odours, pheromones, play a sexual role. In mammals, pheromones also play an important role in the establishment of territories: the 'marking' activities of dogs are well known, and in other species special glands — for example, the cheek glands of the rabbit — produce marking chemicals. In the mouse the sexual and marking functions come together — the female will ovulate after smelling a male, and will, if pregnant, abort upon smelling a strange male. While some primates — the baboon, for instance — seem to have female pheromones secreted during receptivity, it is not at present clear what role, if any, such secretions might play in man.
One function of smelling is well known: the detection of leaking gas. To non-odorous gases, a warning agent such as ethyl mercaptan is added. In mines, the ventilating system is used to carry the warning. An apparent over-representation of older people among the victims of a gas leakage in London led to useful research on the effect of age on sensitivity to smell. (See ageing: sensory and perceptual changes.)
For smell, unlike colour, there is no satisfactory classification scheme. One difficulty is the absence of truly abstract terms such as red or blue; rather, the terms refer to objects (for example, lavender or fruity) or condition (burnt or rotten). Possibly no simple scheme will be found, for the basic scale along which we place odours is from pleasant to unpleasant — a scale that may reflect the approach-avoidance nature of behaviour in evolutionary history. It may be the only way for the organism to classify odours.
Three other topics need mention. First, there are considerable differences between the smell sensitivity of individual persons. Some even, because of disease or trauma, cannot smell anything at all — they are anosmic — while others lack sensitivity for specific odours — they are partially anosmic. Second, adaptation (that is, temporary loss of sensitivity with exposure) proceeds fairly rapidly for smells. This is largely a matter of reduced transmission in the brain, rather than fatigue of the receptors. It makes some jobs tolerable, but sensitivity to warning agents is reduced. Finally, it may be that sensitivity declines with age. If this is in fact so, and it is not certain, then among the important consequences would be diminished stimulation from flavours (see taste). Possibly some of the nutritional problems of ageing are ascribable to declining sensitivity.
(Published 1987)
In man and other mammals the receptors for smell lie in the mucous membrane at the top or back of the air passages in the nose. These sensitive cells are in a constant state of decline and replacement. They are equipped with hairlike projections, the cilia, which protrude into the mucus and are the probable sites of odorant–receptor interaction. In man, the region of each nostril that they occupy is about the area of a postage stamp — small compared with, say, that in the dog. The cells send their axons directly into the olfactory bulb, which is also relatively small. (Smell is unique among the senses in not having connections through the thalamus to the 'new cortex' or neocortex that has developed in relation to the other sense departments. In fact, the older portion of the forebrain of mammals is called the 'rhinencephalon', or 'smell brain', because of this.) There are many fewer transmission cells in the bulb than there are receptors, and this fact, in addition to the preservation of spatial distribution from receptor surface to bulb, is thought to be important in the perception of odour quality. The system is sensitive and compares well, even in man, with most laboratory methods of analysis: for example, one form of musk can be detected by a 'normal' person at a dilution of less than one ten-millionth of a milligram per litre of air.
Attempts to understand the manner in which odorous molecules affect the receptor cells have led to considerable theorizing without conspicuous success. The problem to be solved is similar to that for any of the senses: how a stimulating agent so alters a cell as to set in play the series of events that result in one or more nerve impulses being transmitted to the central nervous system. In man it is obvious that the molecules either make their way through the mucus and affect the receptor directly in some way, or act at a distance. Both means have been proposed. In explanation of action at a distance, it has been suggested that the characteristic infrared absorption spectrum of a molecule leads it to absorb radiation from certain of the matching receptors. Unfortunately, this is thermodynamically impossible. Other absorption theories, such as the Raman spectrum and ultraviolet, seem aimed more at classifying the molecules than at implying action at a distance.
Theories supposing action directly on the receptor are better supported by modern research. Many have been developed with pharmacological or immunological models in mind. The current conception of the receptor cell membrane as a lipid (fatty) double layer in which protein molecules are embedded in mosaic fashion is compatible both with the suggestion that the molecules actually dissolve in (or 'puncture') the lipid, rather like the anesthetic action of ether, and with the notion that adsorption takes place on the proteins. Evidence of molecules that differ only in being 'right-' or 'left-handed' implies that the proteins are involved, and the theory provides a simple basis for understanding the selectivity of different cells. Precisely what energy transfer is involved is uncertain, but with modern membrane research methodology, including the use of radioactive tracers, resolution of this problem should be forthcoming.
The pervasive role of smell in everyday life is often overlooked. Many unpleasant smells, such as of garbage and offal in the city of not so long ago, have been got rid of. Highly sophisticated methods of washing, filtering, and incinerating odorous discharges have been developed, and there is a host of personal deodorants and air 'purifiers'. On the other side of the coin, the flavours of foods are pretty largely determined by odour — a fact recognized by the international flavour industry. Closely related is perfumery, with its long history.
In the fashions that have surrounded perfumery, sexual attractiveness may be involved. Certainly in many species, particularly the insects, naturally secreted odours, pheromones, play a sexual role. In mammals, pheromones also play an important role in the establishment of territories: the 'marking' activities of dogs are well known, and in other species special glands — for example, the cheek glands of the rabbit — produce marking chemicals. In the mouse the sexual and marking functions come together — the female will ovulate after smelling a male, and will, if pregnant, abort upon smelling a strange male. While some primates — the baboon, for instance — seem to have female pheromones secreted during receptivity, it is not at present clear what role, if any, such secretions might play in man.
One function of smelling is well known: the detection of leaking gas. To non-odorous gases, a warning agent such as ethyl mercaptan is added. In mines, the ventilating system is used to carry the warning. An apparent over-representation of older people among the victims of a gas leakage in London led to useful research on the effect of age on sensitivity to smell. (See ageing: sensory and perceptual changes.)
For smell, unlike colour, there is no satisfactory classification scheme. One difficulty is the absence of truly abstract terms such as red or blue; rather, the terms refer to objects (for example, lavender or fruity) or condition (burnt or rotten). Possibly no simple scheme will be found, for the basic scale along which we place odours is from pleasant to unpleasant — a scale that may reflect the approach-avoidance nature of behaviour in evolutionary history. It may be the only way for the organism to classify odours.
Three other topics need mention. First, there are considerable differences between the smell sensitivity of individual persons. Some even, because of disease or trauma, cannot smell anything at all — they are anosmic — while others lack sensitivity for specific odours — they are partially anosmic. Second, adaptation (that is, temporary loss of sensitivity with exposure) proceeds fairly rapidly for smells. This is largely a matter of reduced transmission in the brain, rather than fatigue of the receptors. It makes some jobs tolerable, but sensitivity to warning agents is reduced. Finally, it may be that sensitivity declines with age. If this is in fact so, and it is not certain, then among the important consequences would be diminished stimulation from flavours (see taste). Possibly some of the nutritional problems of ageing are ascribable to declining sensitivity.
(Published 1987)
— F. Nowell Jones
- Bibliography
- Amerine, M. A., Pangborn, R. M., and Roessler, E. B. (1965). Principles of Sensory Evaluation of Food.
- Brand, G., Millot, J., and Henquell, D. (2001). 'Complexity of olfactory lateralization processes revealed by functional imaging: a review'. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 25/2.
- Engen, T. (1982). The Perception of Odors.
- Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste, Melbourne, Victoria (Australia), 23–26 August 1983 (1984). Chemical Senses, 8/3.
- Voshall, L. B. (2003). 'Putting smell on the map'. Trends in Neurosciences, 26/4.
Word Tutor:
Top
smell
IN BRIEF: To sense an odor by using your nose.
I like the smell of dinner being cooked.
LearnThatWord.com is a free vocabulary and spelling program where you only pay for results!
Quotes About:
Top
Smells
Quotes:
"A man has his distinctive personal scent which his wife, his children and his dog can recognize. A crowd has a generalized stink. The public is odorless."
- W. H. Auden
"The lovesick, the betrayed, and the jealous all smell alike."
- Sidonie Gabrielle Colette
"The rankest compound of villainous smell that ever offended nostril."
- William Shakespeare
The Dream Encyclopedia:
Top
Smell
Experiences from the past play a part in distinguishing what a smell in a dream means to the dreamer. Sometimes we remember people by the odors we identify them with, like grandpa's pipe tobacco. In this example, the significance of the dream would depend on what grandpa meant to the dreamer.
Top
- To perceive an odor (verb).
- An odor (noun). The sense of smell is a dramatic example of biochemistry. Receptor sites at the olfactory bulb area are sensitive to specific structures on a molecular level. In fact, the sense of smell is so acute, that it has been determined that only four molecules are needed to elicit certain odors. Receptor cells are located at the terminus of the olfactory nerve region where cilia (hair-like structures) are exposed. It is at these cilia where the chemical fit takes place. Each of the ciliated receptor cells is held in place by supporting cells. The nerve then branches from the olfactory nerve and enters into the bulb region as axons through gaps called the lamina cribrosa. Each fit corresponds to a specific defined genetic command, and it is estimated that there are approximately 1,000 sites. Currently it is accepted that the total human genome is made up of 100,000 genetic structures. This means that nearly 1% of all our genetic makeup defines the sense of smell.
Top
1. an odor.
2. the sense that enables an animal to perceive odors. The sense of smell depends on the stimulation of sense organs in the nose by small particles carried in inhaled air. It is important not only for the detection of odors, but also for the enjoyment of food. Flavor is a blend of taste and smell. Taste registers only four qualities: salt, sour, bitter and sweet; other qualities of flavor depend on smell. The organs of smell are small patches of special (olfactory) cells in the nasal mucosa. One patch is located in each of the two main compartments of the back of the nose. The olfactory cells are connected to the brain by the first cranial (olfactory) nerve.
Top
n
The special sense that enables odors to be perceived through the stimulation of the olfactory nerves.
Random House Word Menu:
Top
categories related to 'smell'
- Smells - smell: odor or scent that may be perceived through the nose by the olfactory nerves; (vb) perceive by sense of smell or inhale odor of
See crossword solutions for the clue
Top
 |
Look up smell in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Smell may refer to;
- Olfaction, sense of smell, the ability of humans and other animals to perceive odors
- Odor, the percept resultant from the sense of smell. The environmental stimulus which gives rise to a 'smell' which is made up of numerous monomolecular odorants
- Human smelling function is carried out by two small-odour detecting patches, located high up in the nasal passages. It is made up of about 5 or 6 million yellowish cells [1]
- In programming, a code smell is a symptom in the source code of a program that something is wrong
- In psychology, smell[2] is considered one of the five senses of the human body. Out of all the senses, smell is considered the most unique because most people cannot describe it easily using words and because it is the strongest sense of memory. Just a single inhale of a certain scent immediately evokes feelings and emotions from when the person first experienced the scent. Psychologists claim that one of the reasons that smell evokes strong memories is due to the olfactory’s connection to the limbic system. As a smell inhales into the body, the olfactory sends information to the limbic system, which is considered to play a strong role in emotions and memories. Furthermore, the perception of smell differs depending on the sex of a person. Generally, females have a more sensitive sense of smell than males.
 |
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. |
Anosmic Study:
The brain relies on more than one receptor to identify a specific odor. In the study conducted by David Stevens and Robert O'Connell, it was found that anosmic (unable to smell specific odors)individuals are able to detect the smell of the odorant at a very high concentration. However, the scent of the odor they detect is very different from the normal people. For instance, the subjects anosmic to pemenone( unpleasant smell of sweat or urine) were able to detect the scent at its higher concentration but they reported its scent as floral or a vegetable smell rather than sweat.
- ^ Kate Fox. (n.d.). Sirc. Retrieved from http://www.sirc.org/publik/smell_human.html
- ^ Psychology: the Science of Behavior by Carlson and Heth.
- Psychology: the Science of Behavior by Carlson and Heth.
- "What Noses Don't Know". USA Today. http://bf4dv7zn3u.search.serialssolutions.com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Smell&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.date=1991-10-01&rft.issn=0161-7389&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=2557&rft.spage=16&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=323600040042. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
Translations:
Top
Smell
Dansk (Danish)
n. - lugt, lugtesans
v. tr. - lugte, lugte til, vejre, ane, mærke, snuse
v. intr. - lugte, lugte af, dufte, stinke
idioms:
- smell a rat lugte lunten, have på fornemmelsen at der stikker noget under
- smell danger ane fare
- smelling salts lugtesalt
Nederlands (Dutch)
ruiken, geuren, stinken, besnuffelen, geur, reuk, boeket, lucht
Français (French)
n. - (gén) odeur, odorat, (fig) relents
v. tr. - (lit, fig) sentir
v. intr. - (gén) sentir, sentir (mauvais), (fig) sentir, avoir le sens de l'odorat
idioms:
- smell a rat flairer qch de louche
- smell danger flairer le danger
- smelling salts (Méd) sels
Deutsch (German)
n. - Geruch, Duft, Gestank
v. - riechen
idioms:
- smell a rat Lunte riechen, (ugs.) den Braten riechen
- smell danger Unrat wittern
- smelling salts Riechsalz
Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - οσμή, μυρωδιά, δυσοσμία, (φυσιολ.) όσφρηση
v. - μυρίζω, οσμίζομαι, οσφραίνομαι, αναδίδω οσμή, βρομάω, ζέχνω
idioms:
- smell a rat μυρίζομαι βρομοδουλειά
- smell danger διαισθάνομαι κίνδυνο
- smelling salts οσφρητικά άλατα (αμμωνία με άρωμα λεβάντας)
Italiano (Italian)
puzzare, profumare, fiutare, odore, olfatto
idioms:
- smell a rat fiutare un imbroglio
- smelling salts sali aromatici
Português (Portuguese)
n. - aroma (m), perfume (m), cheiro (m), odor (m), mau cheiro (m)
v. - cheirar, farejar, descobrir
idioms:
- smell a rat suspeitar de algo, desconfiar de alguma coisa
- smelling salts sais aromáticos
Русский (Russian)
обоняние, запах, зловоние, признак, атмосфера, дух, чуточка, нюханье, обонять, чуять, нюхать, пахнуть, вонять
idioms:
- smell a rat подозревать обман
- smelling salts нюхательная соль
Español (Spanish)
n. - olor, aroma, fragancia, perfume, olfato
v. tr. - apestar, heder, oler, olfatear
v. intr. - oler
idioms:
- smell a rat aquí hay gato encerrado, sospechar algo
- smell danger presentir un peligro
- smelling salts sales aromáticas
Svenska (Swedish)
n. - lukt, luktsinne
v. - lukta, känna lukten av, sprida lukt, stinka, dofta, misstänka, ana
中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
味道, 嗅觉, 气味, 嗅, 闻, 发出...的气味, 闻出, 察觉出, 嗅到, 发臭, 散发气味
idioms:
- smell a rat 感到不妙
- smell danger 感觉到危险
- smelling salts 嗅盐
中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 味道, 嗅覺, 氣味
v. tr. - 嗅, 聞, 發出...的氣味, 聞出, 察覺出, 嗅到
v. intr. - 嗅, 發臭, 散發氣味
idioms:
- smell a rat 感到不妙
- smell danger 感覺到危險
- smelling salts 嗅鹽
한국어 (Korean)
n. - 냄새, 낌새
v. tr. - 냄새로 알다, 냄새를 맡아보다, 낌새 채다
v. intr. - 냄새를 맡을 수 있다, ~의 기미가 있다, 악취를 풍기다
日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 臭い, 香り, 嗅覚, かぐこと
v. - においがする, 臭いをかぐ, 嗅覚がある, 悪臭を出す, 臭い, 感づく, 気味がある
idioms:
- smell a rat うさんくさく思う
- smell danger 危険を感づく
العربيه (Arabic)
(الاسم) حاسه ألشم, رائحه (فعل) يشم, يكتشف
עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ריח, חוש-הריח, רחרוח, צחנה
v. tr. - הדיף ריח, הצחין
v. intr. - הריח, רחרח, חש ב-
If you are unable to view some languages clearly, click here.
Post a question - any question - to the WikiAnswers community:
Copyrights:
American Heritage Dictionary
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Read more
Roget's Thesaurus
Roget's II: The New Thesaurus, Third Edition by the Editors of the American Heritage® Dictionary Copyright © 1995 byHoughton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Read more
American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms
The American Heritage® Dictionary of Idioms by Christine Ammer. Copyright © 1997 by The Christine Ammer 1992 Trust. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Read more
Columbia Encyclopedia
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/.
Read more
Gale Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology
Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology. Copyright © 2001 by The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
Read more
Oxford Companion to the Mind
The Oxford Companion to the Mind. Second Edition. Copyright © Oxford University Press, 2004. All rights reserved.
Read more
Word Tutor
Copyright © 2004-present by eSpindle Learning, a 501(c) nonprofit organization. All rights reserved.
eSpindle provides personalized spelling and vocabulary tutoring online; sign up free. Read more
eSpindle provides personalized spelling and vocabulary tutoring online; sign up free. Read more
The Dream Encyclopedia
The Dreams Encyclopedia. 1995 ©Visible Ink Press (VisibleInkPress.com). All rights reserved.
Read more
Wiley Dictionary of Flavors
Copyright © 2008 by Wiley-Blackwell. Wiley and the Wiley logo are registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries. Used here by license. Read more
Saunders Veterinary Dictionary
Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved.
Read more
Mosby's Dental Dictionary
Mosby's Dental Dictionary. Copyright © 2004 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
Read more
Random House Word Menu
© 2010 Write Brothers Inc. Word Menu is a registered trademark of the Estate of Stephen Glazier.
Write Brothers Inc.
All rights reserved.
Read more
Bradford's Crossword Solver's Dictionary
Collins Bradford's Crossword Solver's Dictionary © Anne Bradford, 1986, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2008
HarperCollins Publishers
All rights reserved.
Read more
Wikipedia on Answers.com
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article Smell.
Read more
