MPEG-2 Part 2, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, and SMPTE VC-1.MPEG-2is the codec used on regular DVDs, which allows backwards capability. MPEG-4 AVC was developed by MPEG, Sony, and VCEG.VC-1is a codec that was mainly developed byMicrosoft

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Do you mean the clapper (or clapboard) that has the show name, episode title, scene number, take number, date, etc? The new ones also have the SMPTE codes for sound and video editing. It is right side up at the beginning of a take and upside down at the end.

Understanding music is a key skill to have since you will be working with a composer, often an arranger, musicians, and others. Knowing how to play an instrument is not enough. You must understand music's role in a motion picture or television production. Music can enhance the mood of a scene or, if inappropriate, it can kill the mood. There are college classes that teach these principles. There are also many books on the subject.

It also helps to have experience in some aspect of post-production or recording. There are many technical aspects to a soundtrack including digital recording, SMPTE time code, digital audio workstations and programs such as Pro Tools, etc. Having experience in the use of these tools is mandatory.

There's another element, too. Being able to work with diverse personalities -- sometimes those involving egos and creativity -- is very important. You don't want to unwittingly insult the director by making a comment about how the scene was edited.

High definition television is a great example of an invention that was never invented. Broadcasters and engineers have long dreamed of better television quality. 20 years ago, standards committees across the world began to define high definition standards. NTSC, EBU and SMPTE are three such committees and they developed standards before the technology was available to meet the standards. Manufacturers and scientists then set to work to develop cameras, displays and processing equipment to meet the standards.

HD television that we see now is the result of more than two decades of work by many companies and people worldwide, all working to a common goal. It should be said that the goal was not quite a common one. We still have differing frame rates (50Hz in Europe, 60Hz in North America and 24Hz in film based systems). We have three screen resolutions, of which one has fallen by the wayside. We have interlaced and progressive scanning systems and the result is 25 or more separate HD formats. This is still an improvement on the huge variety of standards and formats of the SD world.

Throughout the development process there have been many people who have made significant inventions in support of HD. Each individual has shown brilliance in their thinking to arrive at their own small contribution and we should acknowledge their individual achievements. However, it is quite clear that none of those inventions can be of any use without the others. Together they have contributed to the maturing field of high definition television.