An SN2 reaction is a one step bimolecular substitution mechanism
which is 2nd order in kinetics.
An electron rich species (called a nucleophile) attacks an
electrophile (electron deficient species) while a leaving group
(LG) leaves. Typically a good nucleophile for an SN2 reaction are
halides and moderate to strong bases. Good leaving groups are
species that are stable on their own like halides, water, tosylate,
and protonated ethers.
Conditions for an SN2 reaction are similar to the conditions
necessary for an E2 elimination reaction; the two are in constant
competition.