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| Organisation | NASA |
|---|---|
| Mission type | Solar Physics |
| Satellite of | Earth |
| Launch date | February 14, 1980 at 15:57:00 UTC |
| Launch vehicle | Thor-Delta |
| Launch site | Cape Canaveral, United States |
| Mission duration | 9 years |
| COSPAR ID | 1980-014A |
| Mass | 2315.0 kg |
| Orbital elements | |
| Eccentricity | 0.00029 |
| Inclination | 28.5° |
| Orbital period | 94.80 min. |
| Apoapsis | 512.0 km |
| Periapsis | 508.0 km |
| Orbits per day | 15.19 |
The Solar Maximum Mission satellite (or SolarMax) was designed to investigate solar phenomenon, particularly solar flares. It was launched on February 14, 1980.
Although not unique in this endeavor, the SMM was notable in that its useful life compared with similar spacecraft was significantly increased by the direct intervention of a manned space mission. During STS-41-C in 1984 the Space Shuttle Challenger intercepted it, maneuvering the SMM into the shuttle's payload bay for maintenance and repairs. SMM had been fitted with a shuttle "grapple fixture" so that the shuttle's robot arm could grab it in anticipation of possible repairs. The mission is depicted in the 1985 IMAX movie The Dream Is Alive.
The Solar Maximum Mission ended on December 2, 1989, when the spacecraft re-entered the atmosphere and burned up.
Contents |
Instruments
| Name | Target | Principal Investigator |
|---|---|---|
| Coronagraph/Polarimeter: 446.5-658.3 nm, 1.5- 6 sq.solar radii fov, 6.4 arcsec res. | solar corona, prominences, and flares | MacQueen, Robert M, High Altitude Observatory |
| Ultraviolet Spectrometer and polarimeter 175.0-360.0 nm raster imager, 0.004 nm sp.res. | solar UV, Earth's atmosphere | Tandberg-Hanssen, Einar A, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center |
| Soft X-ray Polychromator: raster imager, crystal spectrom. in parts of 0.14-2.25 nm | solar flares, active solar regions | Acton, Loren W Lockheed Palo Alto, Culhane, J University College, London, Leonard, Gabriel, Alan-Henri, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory |
| Hard X-ray Imaging Spectrometer: fov 6.4 arcmin, 8 or 32 arcsec res, 3.5-30 keV | solar active regions and flares | de Jager, Cornelis, University of Utrecht |
| Hard X-ray Burst Spectrometer: CsI(Na), 15 energy channels covering 20-260 keV | solar flares and active regions | Frost, Kenneth J NASA Goddard Space Flight Center |
| Gamma-ray Spectrometer: NaI(T1),0.01-100 MeV in 476 channels, 16.4 s per spectrum | solar gamma-rays | Chupp, Edward L, University of New Hampshire |
| Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor: 0.001-1000 micrometer solar flux | solar irradiance | Willson, Richard C, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory |
Significantly, the SMM's ACRIM instrument package showed that, contrary to expectations, the Sun is actually brighter during the sunspot cycle maximum (when the greatest number of dark 'sunspots' appear). This is because sunspots are surrounded by bright features called faculae, which more than cancel the darkening effect of the sunspot.
The major scientific findings from SMM are presented in several review articles in a Monograph.[1]
The Solar Maximum Mission satellite during 1987-1989 discovered 10 sungrazing comets.[2]
References
- ^ Strong KT, Saba JLR, Haisch BM, Schmelz JT, ed (1999). The many faces of the sun : a summary of the results from NASA's Solar Maximum Mission. New York: Springer. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999mfs..conf.....S.
- ^ "JPL comet catalogue". http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/dat/ELEMENTS.COMET.
See also
External links
- HEASARC, SMM
- JPL, SMM
- Marshall Space Flight Center, SMM
- SMM C/P Coronal Mass Ejections
- Sun|trek website An educational resource for teachers and students about the Sun and its effect on the Earth
- Total Solar Irradiance ACRIM
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