List of spaceflight records

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This is a list of spaceflight records. Most of these records relate to human spaceflights, but some unmanned and canine records are included.

Contents 1 Longest human single flight 2 Longest continuous occupation of space 3 Longest solo flight 4 Longest canine single flight 5 Longest time on lunar surface 6 Farthest humans from Earth 7 Highest altitude for manned non-lunar mission 8 Fastest 9 Oldest 10 Youngest 11 Tallest 12 Shortest 13 Most flights 14 Most time in space 15 Most spacewalks 16 Most spacewalks during a single mission 17 Human spaceflight firsts 18 Total time in space 19 Total human spaceflight time by country 20 Notable unmanned spaceflights 21 See also 22 References 23 External links

Longest human single flight

• Valeri Polyakov, launched 8 January 1994 (Soyuz TM-18), stayed at Mir LD-4 for 437.7 days^[1][2], during which he orbited the earth about 7,075 times and traveled 300,765,000 km (186,887,000 mi), returning 22 March 1995 (Soyuz TM-20). This record has stood for &0000000000000014.00000014 years, &0000000000000107.000000107 days.
• Sunita Williams holds the record for the longest single spaceflight by a woman at 195 days^[3][4] set on the International Space Station Expedition 15 in 2007. She landed with STS-117, 22 June 2007.

Longest continuous occupation of space

• The Soviet Union and Russia, its successor, kept a continuous manned presence in space from the launch of Soyuz TM-8 on 5 September 1989 to the landing of Soyuz TM-29 on 28 August 1999, a span of about 3,644 days, or about eight days short of 10 years. The Soviet Union and Russia launched 22 manned Soyuz spacecraft during the time span, all of which docked with the orbiting Mir space station. The United States additionally docked the space shuttles Atlantis, Endeavour and Discovery with Mir nine times between 1995 and 1998, dropping off and/or picking up passengers eight times. This record has stood for &0000000000000009.0000009 years, &0000000000000314.000000314 days.

• The United States and Russia have jointly maintained a continuous manned presence in space since 31 October 2000 when Soyuz TM-31 was launched on a mission to dock with the International Space Station. The International Space Station has been in continuous use for &0000000000000008.0000008 years, &0000000000000249.000000249 days. Should the ISS occupation continue as planned, it will break the Mir record on 23 October 2010.

Longest solo flight

• Valery Bykovsky flew for 4 days and 23 hours solo in Vostok 5, 14-19 June 1963. The flight set a space endurance record which was broken in 1965 by the Gemini 7 crew, but the solo endurance record has stood for &0000000000000046.00000046 years, &0000000000000018.00000018 days.

Longest canine single flight

• Veterok (Ветерок, "Little Wind") and Ugolyok (Уголёк, "Ember") were launched on 22 February 1966 on board Cosmos 110 and spent 22 days in orbit before landing on 16 March. This record has stood for &0000000000000043.00000043 years, &0000000000000113.000000113 days.

Longest time on lunar surface

• Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt of the Apollo 17 mission stayed for 74 hours 59 minutes 40 seconds on the lunar surface after they landed on 11 December 1972. This record has stood for &0000000000000036.00000036 years, &0000000000000208.000000208 days.

Farthest humans from Earth

• Apollo 13 crew; Jim Lovell, Fred Haise, John Swigert while passing over the far side of the moon at an altitude of 254 km (158 mi) from the lunar surface, were 400,171 km (248,655 mi) from Earth. This record breaking distance was reached at 0:21 UTC on 15 April 1970. This record has stood for &0000000000000039.00000039 years, &0000000000000083.00000083 days.

Highest altitude for manned non-lunar mission

• Gemini 11 crew Charles Conrad, Jr and Richard F. Gordon, Jr. fired their Agena Target Vehicle rocket engine on 14 September 1966, at 40 hours 30 minutes after liftoff and achieved an apogee of 1,374.1 km (853.8 mi). This record has stood for &0000000000000042.00000042 years, &0000000000000296.000000296 days.

Fastest

• The Apollo 10 crew; Thomas Stafford, John W. Young and Eugene Cernan achieved the highest speed relative to earth ever attained by humans; 39,896 km/h (11.1 km/s, 24,790 mph, approx 0.000037 times the speed of light). The record was set 26 May 1969 and has stood for &0000000000000040.00000040 years, &0000000000000042.00000042 days.

Oldest

• John Glenn at age 77, 29 October 1998. This record has stood for &0000000000000010.00000010 years, &0000000000000251.000000251 days.

Youngest

• Gherman Titov, aged 25 years, on Vostok 2 on 6 August 1961. This record has stood for &0000000000000047.00000047 years, &0000000000000335.000000335 days.

Tallest

• James D. Wetherbee

Shortest

• Nancy Currie

Most flights

• 7 Flights
  • Franklin Chang-Diaz - Costa Rica/USA*
  • Jerry L. Ross - USA
  • John W. Young - USA (Flew 6 missions, with Apollo 16 having two distinct flights: launch from Earth landing on the Moon, and launch from the Moon landing on Earth.)

* Costa Rican-born and honorary citizen of Costa Rica

• 6 Flights
  • Curtis Brown - USA
  • Michael Foale - Britain/USA*
  • Sergei Krikalev - Russia^[5]
  • Story Musgrave - USA
  • Gennady Strekalov - Russia
  • James Wetherbee - USA

* Dual citizen.

Most time in space

• Sergei Krikalev has spent 803 days, 9 hours and 39 minutes, or 2.2 years in space over the span of six spaceflights on Soyuz, the Space Shuttle, Mir, and International Space Station.^[5][6]
• Peggy Whitson has spent 376 days, 17 hours and 22 minutes in space over the span of two spaceflights to the International Space Station.^[7]

Most spacewalks

• Anatoly Solovyev, 16 spacewalks for total of 77 hours, 41 minutes (which is also the duration record).
• Peggy Whitson, 6 spacewalks for a total time of 39 hours and 46 minutes (the women's spacewalk and duration records).^[7]

Most spacewalks during a single mission

• Michael Lopez-Alegria, five spacewalks during Expedition 14 on the ISS.^{[8][not in citation given]}

Human spaceflight firsts

First	Person(s)	Vehicle	Country	Date
Spaceflight and Orbital flight	Yuri Gagarin	Vostok 1[9]	USSR	12 April 1961
Person to land in a spacecraft	Alan Shepard	Freedom 7	USA	5 May 1961
Person in space for one day	Gherman Titov	Vostok 2	USSR	6 August 1961- 7 August 1961
Group flight Adjacent orbits Spacecraft-to-spacecraft communications	Andrian Nikolayev Pavel Popovich	Vostok 3 Vostok 4	USSR	12 August 1962- 15 August 1962
Woman in space Civilian in space	Valentina Tereshkova	Vostok 6	USSR	16 June 1963- 19 June 1963
Spaceflight by winged spacecraft	Joe Walker	X-15 Flight 90	USA	19 July 1963
Person to enter space twice (above 100 km)	Joe Walker	X-15 Flights 90 and 91	USA	22 August 1963
Three-person spacecraft	Vladimir Komarov Konstantin Feoktistov Boris Yegorov	Voskhod 1[9]	USSR	12 October 1964- 13 October 1964
Two-person spacecraft	Pavel Belyayev Alexey Leonov	Voskhod 2	USSR	18 March 1965- 19 March 1965
Spacewalk	Alexey Leonov	Voskhod 2[9]	USSR	18 March 1965
Orbital maneuvers (change orbit)	Gus Grissom, John W. Young	Gemini 3[9]	USA	23 March 1965
Person to fly two orbital spaceflights	Gordon Cooper	Faith 7 Gemini 5	USA	15 May 1963- 16 May 1963; 21 August 1965- 29 August 1965
People to spend one week in space	Gordon Cooper Pete Conrad	Gemini 5	USA	21 August 1965- 29 August 1965
Space rendezvous (orbital maneuver and station keeping) Four people in space	Frank Borman, Jim Lovell Walter Schirra, Thomas Stafford	Gemini 7 Gemini 6A[9]	USA	15 December 1965- 16 December 1965
Space docking	Neil Armstrong David Scott	Gemini 8 and Agena[9]	USA	16 March 1966
Multiple Rendezvous	John W. Young Michael Collins	Gemini 10 with Agena 10 and Agena 8	USA	19 July 1966; 20 July 1966
Lunar orbit	Frank Borman Jim Lovell Bill Anders	Apollo 8	USA	24 December 1968- 25 December 1968
Dual spacewalk; crew transfer	Aleksei Yeliseyev Yevgeny Khrunov	Soyuz 4 Soyuz 5	USSR	16 January 1969
Moon landing	Neil Armstrong Buzz Aldrin	Apollo 11	USA	20 July 1969
Time five people in space	Georgi Shonin, Valeri Kubasov Anatoli Filipchenko, Vladislav Volkov, Viktor Gorbatko	Soyuz 6 Soyuz 7	USSR	12 October 1969- 13 October 1969
Triple spaceflight Seven people in space	Shonin, Kubasov Filipchenko, Volkov, Gorbatko Vladimir Shatalov, Aleksei Yeliseyev	Soyuz 6 Soyuz 7 Soyuz 8	USSR	13 October 1969- 16 October 1969
Person to fly two lunar flights	James A. Lovell	Apollo 13	USA	11 April 1970- 17 April 1970
People to spend two weeks in space	Andrian Nikolayev Vitali Sevastyanov	Soyuz 9	USSR	1 June 1970- 19 June 1970
Manned space station	Georgi Dobrovolski Viktor Patsayev Vladislav Volkov	Soyuz 11 docked with Salyut 1	USSR	7 June 1971- 29 June 1971
People to EVA out of sight of their spacecraft	Alan Shepard Edgar Mitchell	Apollo 14	USA	6 February 1971
In-space fatalities	Georgi Dobrovolski Viktor Patsayev Vladislav Volkov	Soyuz 11	USSR	29 June 1971
People in orbit four weeks	Pete Conrad Joseph Kerwin Paul Weitz	Skylab 2	USA	25 May 1973- 22 June 1973
People in orbit eight weeks	Alan Bean Jack Lousma Owen Garriott	Skylab 3	USA	28 July 1973- 25 September 1973
People in orbit twelve weeks	Gerald Carr William Pogue Edward Gibson	Skylab 4	USA	16 November 1973- 8 February 1974
Crew to visit occupied space station	Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Oleg Makarov	Soyuz 27 visits Salyut 6 EO-1 crew	USSR	10 January 1978- 16 January 1978
People in orbit nineteen weeks (4 months)	Vladimir Kovalyonok, Aleksandr Ivanchenkov	Salyut 6 EO-2, Soyuz 29-Soyuz 31	USSR	15 June 1978- 2 November 1978
People in orbit twenty-six weeks (6 months)	Leonid Popov, Valery Ryumin	Salyut 6 EO-4, Soyuz 35-Soyuz 37	USSR	9 April 1980- 11 October 1980
Person to fly four different types of spacecraft	John Watts Young	STS-1	USA	12 April 1981
Four-person spaceflight, single spacecraft	Vance Brand,Robert F. Overmyer Joseph P. Allen, William B. Lenoir	STS-5	USA	11 November 1982- 16 November 1982
Five-person spaceflight, single spacecraft	Robert L. Crippen, Frederick H. Hauck John M. Fabian, Sally K. Ride, Norman E. Thagard	STS-7	USA	18 June 1983- 24 June 1983
Six-person spaceflight, single spacecraft	John W. Young, Brewster H. Shaw Owen K. Garriott, Robert A. Parker, Ulf Merbold-DE, Byron K. Lichtenberg	STS-9	USA Germany	28 November 1983- 8 December 1983
Untethered spacewalk	Bruce McCandless II	STS-41-B	USA	7 February 1984
Time eight people in space, no docking	Oleg Atkov, Vance D. Brand, Robert L. Gibson, Leonid Kizim, Bruce McCandless II, Ronald McNair, Vladimir Solovov, Robert L. Stewart	Salyut 7 EO-3, Soyuz T-10, STS-41-B	USSR USA	8 February 1984- 11 February 1984
Time eleven people in space, no docking	Oleg Atkov, Robert L. Crippen, Terry J. Hart, Leonid D. Kizim, Yuri Malyshev, George Nelson, Francis Scobee, Rakesh Sharma, Vladimir Solovov, Gennady Strekalov, James van Hoften	STS-41-C, Salyut 7 EO-3, Soyuz T-10-Soyuz T-11	USSR USA	6 April 1984- 11 April 1984
People to complete four spacewalks during the same mission	Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov	Salyut 7	USSR	26 April - 18 May, 1984
Spacewalk by woman	Svetlana Savitskaya	Soyuz T-12	USSR	25 July 1984
People in orbit thirty-three weeks (7 months)	Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov, Oleg Atkov	Salyut 7 EO-3, Soyuz T-10-Soyuz T-11	USSR	8 February 1984- 2 October 1984
Seven person spaceflight, single spacecraft	Robert L. Crippen, Jon A. McBride Kathryn D. Sullivan, Sally K. Ride, David C. Leestma, Marc Garneau-CA, Paul D. Scully-Power	STS-41-G	USA Canada	5 October 1984- 13 October 1984
Partial crew exchange at a space station	Alexander Volkov, Vladimir Vasyutin replace Vladimir Dzhanibekov	Soyuz T-14, Salyut 7	USSR	17 September 1985- 26 September 1985
Eight person spaceflight, single spacecraft	Henry W. Hartsfield, Steven R. Nagel Bonnie J. Dunbar, James F. Buchli, Guion S. Bluford, Reinhard Furrer-DE, Ernst Messerschmid-DE, Wubbo Ockels-NL	STS-61-A	USA  W Germany Netherlands	30 October 1985- 6 November 1985
Space station to space station flight	Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov	Soyuz T-15 from Mir to Salyut 7	USSR	5 May 1986- 6 May 1986
Complete crew exchange at a space station	Vladimir Titov, Musa Manarov replace Yuri Romanenko, Alexander Alexandrov	Soyuz TM-4-Soyuz TM-2,Soyuz TM-3, at Mir	USSR	21 December 1987- 29 December 1987
People in orbit fifty-two weeks (12 months)	Vladimir Titov, Musa Manarov	Mir EO-3, Soyuz TM-4-Soyuz TM-6	USSR	21 December 1987- 21 December 1988
Time twelve people in space; no docking	Shuttle: Vance Brand, Samuel Durrance, Guy S. Gardner, Jeffrey A. Hoffman, John M. Lounge, Ronald Parise, Robert A. Parker Soyuz and Soyuz/Mir: Musa Manarov, Viktor Afanasyev, Toyohiro Akiyama Mir:Gennady Manakov, Gennady Strekalov	STS-35, Mir EO-7, Soyuz TM-10-Soyuz TM-11	USSR USA Japan	2 December 1990- 10 December 1990
Three-person spacewalk	Pierre J. Thuot, Richard J. Hieb Thomas D. Akers	STS-49	USA	13 May 1992
Time thirteen people in space; no docking	Shuttle: Steve Oswald, William Gregory, John Grunsfeld, Wendy Lawrence, Tammy Jernigan, Sam Durrance, Ron Parise Mir: Aleksandr Viktorenko, Yelena Kondakova, Valeriy Polyakov Soyuz/Mir: Norman E. Thagard, Vladimir Dezhurov, Gennady Strekalov	STS-67, Mir, Soyuz TM-20, Soyuz TM-21	USA Russia	14 March 1995- 18 March 1995
Time ten people in one spacecraft; docking	Robert L. Gibson, Charles J. Precourt, Ellen S. Baker, Bonnie J. Dunbar, Gregory J. Harbaugh, Anatoly Solovyev, Nikolai Budarin, Norman E. Thagard, Vladimir Dezhurov, Gennady Strekalov	STS-71, Mir, Soyuz TM-21	USA Russia	29 June 1995- 4 July 1995
Person to complete seven trips to space	Jerry L. Ross	STS-110	USA	19 April 2002
Privately funded human space flight	Mike Melvill	SpaceShipOne flight 15P	USA	21 June 2004

Total time in space

Top 50 space travelers:

Rank	Person	Days	Country
1	Sergei Krikalev	804.371	Russia /  Soviet Union
2	Sergei Avdeyev	747.593	Russia
3	Valeriy Polyakov	678.690	Russia /  Soviet Union
4	Anatoly Solovyev	651.117	Russia /  Soviet Union
5	Alexandr Kaleri	609.911	Russia
6	Viktor Afanasyev	555.772	Russia /  Soviet Union
7	Yury Usachev	553.016	Russia
8	Musa Manarov	541.021	Russia /  Soviet Union
9	Yuri Malenchenko	514.539	Russia
10	Alexander Viktorenko	489.066	Russia /  Soviet Union
11	Gennady Padalka**	489.405	Russia
12	Nikolai Budarin	444.060	Russia
13	Yuri Romanenko	430.765	Soviet Union
14	Alexander Volkov	391.495	Russia /  Soviet Union
15	Yuri I. Onufrienko	389.282	Russia
16	Vladimir G. Titov	387.036	Russia /  Soviet Union
17	Vasili Tsibliyev	381.662	Russia
18	Valery G. Korzun	381.653	Russia
19	Pavel Vinogradov	380.678	Russia
20	Peggy A. Whitson	376.738	United States
21	Leonid Kizim	374.749	Soviet Union
22	Michael Foale	373.763	United States /  United Kingdom*
23	Aleksandr Serebrov	372.954	Russia /  Soviet Union
24	Michael Fincke	365.897	United States
25	Vladimir Solovyov	361.952	Soviet Union
26	Thomas Reiter	350.239	Germany
27	Mikhail Tyurin	344.213	Russia
28	Talgat Musabayev	339.409	Russia
29	Yuri P. Gidzenko	329.950	Russia
30	Gennadi Manakov	309.889	Russia /  Soviet Union
31	Aleksandr P. Aleksandrov	309.758	Soviet Union
32	Valery Ryumin	297.924	Russia /  Soviet Union
33	Gennady Strekalov	268.938	Russia /  Soviet Union
34	Vladimir Lyakhov	259.563	Soviet Union
35	Michael Lopez-Alegria	257.944	United States
36	Viktor Savinykh	252.849	Soviet Union
37	Vladimir Dezhurov	244.229	Russia
38	Oleg Atkov	252.849	Soviet Union
39	Carl E. Walz	230.212	United States
40	Leroy Chiao	229.362	United States
41	Daniel W. Bursch	226.594	United States
42	William S. McArthur	224.930	United States
43	Shannon W. Lucid	223.161	United States
44	Valentin Lebedev	219.250	Soviet Union
45	Vladimir Kovalyonok	216.382	Soviet Union
46	Kenneth D. Bowersox	211.594	United States
47	Anatoli Berezovoy	211.378	Soviet Union
48	Susan J. Helms	211.048	United States
49	Jean-Pierre Haigneré	209.517	France
50	Fyodor Yurchikhin	207.218	Russia

As of 19 April 2008

* Michael Foale holds dual U.S./British citizenship.

** Currently in space.

Total human spaceflight time by country

Rank	Nation	Total person-days
1	USSR / Russia	over 17,000 days**
2	USA	over 10,000 days* **
3	Germany	481.24
4	France	384.67
5	United Kingdom	381.65*
6	Canada	146.06 **
7	Japan	115.91 **
8	Italy	71.12
9	Costa Rica	66.76*
10	Switzerland	42.50
11	Hungary	34.448 *
12	Belgium	19.79 **
13	China	19.06
14	Spain	18.88
15	Netherlands	17.90
16	Israel	15.93
17	Ukraine	15.69
18	Sweden	12.83
19	Bulgaria	11.91
20	Malaysia	10.885
21	South Korea	10.875
22	South Africa	9.893
23	Brazil	9.888
24	Syria	8.9
25	Afghanistan	8.85
26	Czechoslovakia	7.93
27	Austria	7.928
28	Poland	7.919
29	Slovakia	7.914
30	India	7.903
31	Cuba	7.863
32	Mongolia	7.863
33	Vietnam	7.862
34	Romania	7.862
35	Saudi Arabia	7.069
36	Mexico	6.878

As of 6 November 2007

* Dual citizens counted under both nationalities.

** and counting

Notable unmanned spaceflights

Body	Spacecraft	Event	Country	Date
Earth	A-4(V-2)	First rocket to reach space	Germany	June 1944
Earth	Sputnik 1	First satellite in orbit[9]	USSR	4 October 1957
Earth	Vanguard 1	Oldest satellite still in orbit— expected to stay in orbit 240 years. Ceased transmissions in May, 1964	USA	17 March 1958
Moon	Luna 1	First flyby, dist. of 5,995 km	USSR	4 January 1959
Moon	Luna 2	First impact[9]	USSR	14 September 1959
Moon	Luna 3	First image of lunar far-side[9]	USSR	7 October 1959
Earth	Discoverer 13	First satellite recovered from Orbit[9]	USA	11 August 1960
Venus	Venera 1	First flyby, dist. of 100,000 km (lost communication contact before)[9]	USSR	19 May 1961
Venus	Mariner 2	First planetary flyby, dist. of 34,762 km (with communication contact)	USA	14 December 1962
Mars	Mariner 4	First Mars flyby, first planetary imaging, dist. of 9,846 km	USA	14 July 1965
Moon	Luna 9	First soft landing, first lunar surface-level image[9]	USSR	31 January 1966
Venus	Venera 3	First impact[9]	USSR	1 March 1966
Moon	Luna 10	First orbiter[9]	USSR	3 April 1966
Venus	Venera 7	First soft landing	USSR	1 August 1970
Moon	Luna 16	First automated sample return	USSR	24 September 1970
Moon	Luna 17	First automated roving vehicle - Lunokhod 1	USSR	17 November 1970
Mars	Mariner 9	First orbiter	USA	14 November 1971
Mars	Mars 2	First impact	USSR	27 November 1971
Mars	Mars 3	First soft landing, telemetry signal for 20 s before transmissions ceased	USSR	2 December 1971
Jupiter	Pioneer 10	First flyby, dist. of 130,000 km	USA	3 December 1973
Mercury	Mariner 10	First flyby, dist. of 703 km	USA	29 March 1974
Venus	Venera 9	First orbiter First surface-level imaging of another planet	USSR	22 October 1975
Sun	Helios 2	Highest velocity of a spacecraft relative to the sun, 247,510 km/h at .29 AU perihelion	West Germany	17 April 1976
Mars	Viking 1	First surface-level imaging of Mars	USA	20 July 1976
Saturn	Pioneer 11	First flyby, dist. of 21,000 km	USA	1 September 1979
Venus	Venera 13	First sound record on another planet	USSR	1 March 1982
	Pioneer 10	First extra-solar spacecraft (disputed because only according to some definitions)	USA	13 June 1983
Venus	Vega 1	First helium balloon atmospheric probe	USSR	11 June 1985
Uranus	Voyager 2	First flyby, dist. of 81,500 km	USA	24 January 1986
Comet Halley	Vega 1	First comet flyby, dist. of 8,890 km	USSR	6 March 1986
Neptune	Voyager 2	First flyby, dist. of 40,000 km	USA	25 August 1989
951 Gaspra	Galileo probe	First asteroid flyby, dist. of 1,600 km	USA	29 October 1991
Jupiter	Galileo probe	First impact	USA	7 December 1995
Jupiter	Galileo probe	First orbiter	USA	7 December 1995
Mars	Mars Pathfinder	First automated roving vehicle - Sojourner	USA	4 July 1997
433 Eros	NEAR Shoemaker	First asteroid orbiter	USA	14 February 2000
433 Eros	NEAR Shoemaker	First asteroid soft landing	USA	12 February 2001
Saturn	Cassini orbiter	First orbiter	ESA USA	1 July 2004
Titan	Huygens probe	First soft landing	ESA USA	14 January 2005
Comet Tempel 1	Deep Impact	First comet impact	USA	4 July 2005
	Voyager 1	At greatest distance from Earth, 15 billion km	USA	As of 2006[update]
	Pioneer 6	Longest operating space probe, brief contact was reestablished on 8 December 2000, after nearly 35 years in space.	USA	As of 2005[update]

See also

• Human spaceflight

References

External links

• Russia's unmanned moon missions

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