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This is a list of spaceflight records. Most of these records relate to human spaceflights, but some unmanned and canine records are included.
Longest human single flight
- Valeri Polyakov, launched 8 January 1994 (Soyuz TM-18), stayed at Mir LD-4 for 437.7 days[1][2], during which he orbited the earth about 7,075 times and traveled 300,765,000 km (186,887,000 mi), returning 22 March 1995 (Soyuz TM-20).
- Sunita Williams holds the record for the longest single spaceflight by a woman at 195 days[3][4] set on the International Space Station Expedition 15 in 2007. She landed with STS-117, 22 June 2007.
Longest continuous occupation of space
- The Soviet Union and Russia, its successor, kept a continuous manned presence in space from the launch of Soyuz TM-8 on 5 September 1989 to the landing of Soyuz TM-29 on 28 August 1999, a span of about 3,644 days, or about eight days short of 10 years. The Soviet Union and Russia launched 22 manned Soyuz spacecraft during the time span, all of which docked with the orbiting Mir space station. The United States additionally docked the space shuttles Atlantis, Endeavour and Discovery with Mir nine times between 1995 and 1998, dropping off and/or picking up passengers eight times.
- The United States and Russia have jointly maintained a continuous manned presence in space since 31 October 2000 when Soyuz TM-31 was launched on a mission to dock with the International Space Station. The International Space Station has been in continuous use for 9 years, 32 days. Should the ISS occupation continue as planned, it will break the Mir record on 23 October 2010.
Longest solo flight
- Valery Bykovsky flew for 4 days and 23 hours solo in Vostok 5, 14-19 June 1963. The flight set a space endurance record which was broken in 1965 by the Gemini 7 crew
Longest canine single flight
- Veterok (Ветерок, "Little Wind") and Ugolyok (Уголёк, "Ember") were launched on 22 February 1966 on board Cosmos 110 and spent 22 days in orbit before landing on 16 March.
Longest time on lunar surface
- Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt of the Apollo 17 mission stayed for 74 hours 59 minutes 40 seconds on the lunar surface after they landed on 11 December 1972.
Farthest humans from Earth
- Apollo 13 crew; Jim Lovell, Fred Haise, John Swigert while passing over the far side of the moon at an altitude of 254 km (158 mi) from the lunar surface, were 400,171 km (248,655 mi) from Earth. This record breaking distance was reached at 0:21 UTC on 15 April 1970.
Highest altitude for manned non-lunar mission
- Gemini 11 crew Charles Conrad, Jr and Richard F. Gordon, Jr. fired their Agena Target Vehicle rocket engine on 14 September 1966, at 40 hours 30 minutes after liftoff and achieved an apogee of 1,374.1 km (853.8 mi).
Fastest
- The Apollo 10 crew; Thomas Stafford, John W. Young and Eugene Cernan achieved the highest speed relative to Earth ever attained by humans; 39,896 km/h (11.1 km/s, 24,790 mph, approx 0.0037 percent the speed of light). The record was set 26 May 1969
Oldest
- John Glenn at age 77, 29 October 1998.
Youngest
- Gherman Titov, aged 25 years, on Vostok 2 on 6 August 1961.
Tallest
Shortest
Most flights
- 7 Flights
- Franklin Chang-Diaz - Costa Rica/USA*
- Jerry L. Ross - USA
- John W. Young - USA (Flew 6 missions, with Apollo 16 having two distinct flights: launch from Earth landing on the Moon, and launch from the Moon landing on Earth.)
* Costa Rican-born and honorary citizen of Costa Rica
- 6 Flights
- Curtis Brown - USA
- Michael Foale - Britain/USA*
- Sergei Krikalev - Russia[5]
- Story Musgrave - USA
- Gennady Strekalov - Russia
- James Wetherbee - USA
* Dual citizen.
Most time in space
- Sergei Krikalev has spent 803 days, 9 hours and 39 minutes, or 2.2 years in space over the span of six spaceflights on Soyuz, the Space Shuttle, Mir, and International Space Station.[5][6]
- Peggy Whitson has spent 376 days, 17 hours and 22 minutes in space over the span of two spaceflights to the International Space Station.[7]
Most spacewalks
- Anatoly Solovyev, 16 spacewalks for total of 77 hours, 41 minutes (which is also the duration record).
- Peggy Whitson, 6 spacewalks for a total time of 39 hours and 46 minutes (the women's spacewalk and duration records).[7]
Most spacewalks during a single mission
- Michael Lopez-Alegria, five spacewalks during Expedition 14 on the ISS.[8][not in citation given]
Human spaceflight firsts
| First | Person(s) | Vehicle | Country | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spaceflight and Orbital flight |
Yuri Gagarin | Vostok 1[9] |  USSR |
12 April 1961 |
| Person to land in a spacecraft | Alan Shepard | Freedom 7 |  USA |
5 May 1961 |
| Person in space for one day | Gherman Titov | Vostok 2 | USSR |
6 August 1961- 7 August 1961 |
| Group flight Adjacent orbits Spacecraft-to-spacecraft communications |
Andrian Nikolayev Pavel Popovich |
Vostok 3 Vostok 4 |
USSR |
12 August 1962- 15 August 1962 |
| Woman in space Civilian in space |
Valentina Tereshkova | Vostok 6 | USSR |
16 June 1963- 19 June 1963 |
| Spaceflight by winged spacecraft | Joe Walker | X-15 Flight 90 | USA |
19 July 1963 |
| Person to enter space twice (above 100 km) | Joe Walker | X-15 Flights 90 and 91 |
USA |
22 August 1963 |
| Three-person spacecraft | Vladimir Komarov Konstantin Feoktistov Boris Yegorov |
Voskhod 1[9] | USSR |
12 October 1964- 13 October 1964 |
| Two-person spacecraft | Pavel Belyayev Alexey Leonov |
Voskhod 2 | USSR |
18 March 1965- 19 March 1965 |
| Spacewalk | Alexey Leonov | Voskhod 2[9] | USSR |
18 March 1965 |
| Orbital maneuvers (change orbit) | Gus Grissom, John W. Young | Gemini 3[9] | USA |
23 March 1965 |
| Person to fly two orbital spaceflights | Gordon Cooper | Faith 7 Gemini 5 |
USA |
15 May 1963- 16 May 1963; 21 August 1965- 29 August 1965 |
| People to spend one week in space | Gordon Cooper Pete Conrad |
Gemini 5 | USA |
21 August 1965- 29 August 1965 |
| Space rendezvous (orbital maneuver and station keeping) Four people in space |
Frank Borman, Jim Lovell Walter Schirra, Thomas Stafford |
Gemini 7 Gemini 6A[9] |
USA |
15 December 1965- 16 December 1965 |
| Space docking | Neil Armstrong David Scott |
Gemini 8 and Agena[9] | USA |
16 March 1966 |
| Multiple Rendezvous | John W. Young Michael Collins |
Gemini 10 with Agena 10 and Agena 8 | USA |
19 July 1966; 20 July 1966 |
| Lunar orbit | Frank Borman Jim Lovell Bill Anders |
Apollo 8 | USA |
24 December 1968- 25 December 1968 |
| Dual spacewalk; crew transfer | Aleksei Yeliseyev Yevgeny Khrunov |
Soyuz 4 Soyuz 5 |
USSR |
16 January 1969 |
| Moon landing | Neil Armstrong Buzz Aldrin |
Apollo 11 | USA |
20 July 1969 |
| Time five people in space | Georgi Shonin, Valeri Kubasov Anatoli Filipchenko, Vladislav Volkov, Viktor Gorbatko |
Soyuz 6 Soyuz 7 |
USSR |
12 October 1969- 13 October 1969 |
| Triple spaceflight Seven people in space |
Shonin, Kubasov Filipchenko, Volkov, Gorbatko Vladimir Shatalov, Aleksei Yeliseyev |
Soyuz 6 Soyuz 7 Soyuz 8 |
USSR |
13 October 1969- 16 October 1969 |
| Person to fly two lunar flights | James A. Lovell | Apollo 13 | USA |
11 April 1970- 17 April 1970 |
| People to spend two weeks in space | Andrian Nikolayev Vitali Sevastyanov |
Soyuz 9 | USSR |
1 June 1970- 19 June 1970 |
| Manned space station | Georgi Dobrovolski Viktor Patsayev Vladislav Volkov |
Soyuz 11 docked with Salyut 1 | USSR |
7 June 1971- 29 June 1971 |
| People to EVA out of sight of their spacecraft |
Alan Shepard Edgar Mitchell |
Apollo 14 | USA |
6 February 1971 |
| In-space fatalities | Georgi Dobrovolski Viktor Patsayev Vladislav Volkov |
Soyuz 11 | USSR |
29 June 1971 |
| People in orbit four weeks |
Pete Conrad Joseph Kerwin Paul Weitz |
Skylab 2 | USA |
25 May 1973- 22 June 1973 |
| People in orbit eight weeks |
Alan Bean Jack Lousma Owen Garriott |
Skylab 3 | USA |
28 July 1973- 25 September 1973 |
| People in orbit twelve weeks |
Gerald Carr William Pogue Edward Gibson |
Skylab 4 | USA |
16 November 1973- 8 February 1974 |
| Crew to visit occupied space station | Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Oleg Makarov | Soyuz 27 visits Salyut 6 EO-1 crew | USSR |
10 January 1978- 16 January 1978 |
| People in orbit nineteen weeks (4 months) |
Vladimir Kovalyonok, Aleksandr Ivanchenkov | Salyut 6 EO-2, Soyuz 29-Soyuz 31 | USSR |
15 June 1978- 2 November 1978 |
| People in orbit twenty-six weeks (6 months) |
Leonid Popov, Valery Ryumin | Salyut 6 EO-4, Soyuz 35-Soyuz 37 | USSR |
9 April 1980- 11 October 1980 |
| Person to fly four different types of spacecraft | John Watts Young | STS-1 | USA |
12 April 1981 |
| Four-person spaceflight, single spacecraft |
Vance Brand,Robert F. Overmyer Joseph P. Allen, William B. Lenoir |
STS-5 | USA |
11 November 1982- 16 November 1982 |
| Five-person spaceflight, single spacecraft |
Robert L. Crippen, Frederick H. Hauck John M. Fabian, Sally K. Ride, Norman E. Thagard |
STS-7 | USA |
18 June 1983- 24 June 1983 |
| Six-person spaceflight, single spacecraft |
John W. Young, Brewster H. Shaw, Owen K. Garriott, Robert A. Parker, Byron K. Lichtenberg - USA Ulf Merbold - Germany (European Space Agency) |
STS-9 | USA  West Germany |
28 November 1983- 8 December 1983 |
| Untethered spacewalk | Bruce McCandless II | STS-41-B | USA |
7 February 1984 |
| Time eight people in space, no docking | Oleg Atkov, Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovov - USSR Vance D. Brand, Robert L. Gibson, Bruce McCandless II, Ronald McNair,Robert L. Stewart - USA |
Salyut 7 EO-3, Soyuz T-10, STS-41-B | USSR USA |
8 February 1984- 11 February 1984 |
| Time eleven people in space, no docking | Oleg Atkov, Leonid D. Kizim, Yuri Malyshev, Vladimir Solovov, Gennady Strekalov -USSR Robert L. Crippen, Terry J. Hart, George Nelson, Francis Scobee, James van Hoften - USA Rakesh Sharma - India |
STS-41-C, Salyut 7 EO-3, Soyuz T-10-Soyuz T-11 | USSR USA India |
6 April 1984- 11 April 1984 |
| People to complete four spacewalks during the same mission | Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov | Salyut 7 | USSR |
26 April - 18 May, 1984 |
| Spacewalk by woman | Svetlana Savitskaya | Soyuz T-12 | USSR |
25 July 1984 |
| People in orbit thirty-three weeks (7 months) |
Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov, Oleg Atkov | Salyut 7 EO-3, Soyuz T-10-Soyuz T-11 | USSR |
8 February 1984- 2 October 1984 |
| Seven person spaceflight, single spacecraft |
Robert L. Crippen, Jon A. McBride, Kathryn D. Sullivan, Sally K. Ride, David C. Leestma, Paul D. Scully-Power - USA Marc Garneau- Canada |
STS-41-G | USA Canada |
5 October 1984- 13 October 1984 |
| Partial crew exchange at a space station | Alexander Volkov, Vladimir Vasyutin replace Vladimir Dzhanibekov | Soyuz T-14, Salyut 7 | USSR |
17 September 1985- 26 September 1985 |
| Eight person spaceflight, single spacecraft |
Henry W. Hartsfield, Steven R. NagelBonnie J. Dunbar, James F. Buchli, Guion S. Bluford - USA Reinhard Furrer, Ernst Messerschmid - West Germany Wubbo Ockels - Netherlands (European Space Agency) |
STS-61-A | USA West Germany Netherlands |
30 October 1985- 6 November 1985 |
| Space station to space station flight |
Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov |
Soyuz T-15 from Mir to Salyut 7 | USSR |
5 May 1986- 6 May 1986 |
| Complete crew exchange at a space station | Vladimir Titov, Musa Manarov replace Yuri Romanenko, Alexander Alexandrov | Soyuz TM-4-Soyuz TM-2,Soyuz TM-3, at Mir | USSR |
21 December 1987- 29 December 1987 |
| People in orbit fifty-two weeks (12 months) |
Vladimir Titov, Musa Manarov | Mir EO-3, Soyuz TM-4-Soyuz TM-6 | USSR |
21 December 1987- 21 December 1988 |
| Time twelve people in space; no docking | Shuttle: Vance Brand, Samuel Durrance, Guy S. Gardner, Jeffrey A. Hoffman, John M. Lounge, Ronald Parise, Robert A. Parker - USA Mir: Gennady Manakov, Gennady Strekalov - Russia Soyuz and Soyuz/Mir: |
STS-35, Mir EO-7, Soyuz TM-10-Soyuz TM-11 | USSR USA Japan |
2 December 1990- 10 December 1990 |
| Three-person spacewalk | Pierre J. Thuot, Richard J. Hieb Thomas D. Akers |
STS-49 | USA |
13 May 1992 |
| Time thirteen people in space; no docking | Shuttle: Steve Oswald, William Gregory, John Grunsfeld, Wendy Lawrence, Tammy Jernigan, Sam Durrance, Ron Parise - USA Mir: Aleksandr Viktorenko, Yelena Kondakova, Valeriy Polyakov - Russia Soyuz/Mir: |
STS-67, Mir, Soyuz TM-20, Soyuz TM-21 | USA Russia |
14 March 1995- 18 March 1995 |
| Time ten people in one spacecraft; docking | Robert L. Gibson, Charles J. Precourt, Ellen S. Baker, Bonnie J. Dunbar, Gregory J. Harbaugh Norman E. Thagard - USA Anatoly Solovyev, Nikolai Budarin, Vladimir Dezhurov, Gennady Strekalov - Russia |
STS-71, Mir, Soyuz TM-21 | USA Russia |
29 June 1995- 4 July 1995 |
| Person to complete seven trips to space | Jerry L. Ross | STS-110 | USA |
19 April 2002 |
| Privately funded human space flight | Mike Melvill | SpaceShipOne flight 15P | USA |
21 June 2004 |
| Time thirteen people in one spacecraft; docking | Michael Barratt, Mark L. Polansky, Douglas G. Hurley, Christopher J. Cassidy, Thomas H. Marshburn, David Wolf, Timothy Kopra - USA Gennady Padalka, Roman Romanenko - Russia Robert Thirsk, Julie Payette - Canada Frank De Winne - Belgium (European Space Agency) Koichi Wakata - Japan |
ISS, Soyuz TMA-14, Soyuz TMA-15, STS-127 | USA Russia Canada Belgium Japan |
17 July 2009 |
Total time in space
Top 50 space travelers:
- As of 11 October 2009
- * Michael Foale holds dual U.S./British citizenship.
- ** Currently in space.
Total human spaceflight time by country
| Rank | Nation | Total person-days |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | USSR / Russia |
over 17,000 days ** |
| 2 | USA |
over 10,000 days * ** |
| — | 1134.58 | |
| 3 | Germany |
481.24 |
| 4 |  France |
384.67 |
| 5 |  United Kingdom |
381.65 * |
| 6 | Canada |
360.51 |
| 7 | Japan |
253.53 |
| 8 | Belgium |
207.65 |
| 9 |  Italy |
87.11 |
| 10 |  Costa Rica |
66.76 * |
| 11 |  Switzerland |
42.50 |
| 12 |  Hungary |
34.448 * |
| 13 |  Sweden |
26.74 |
| 14 |  China |
19.06 |
| 15 |  Spain |
18.88 |
| 16 | Netherlands |
17.90 |
| 17 |  Israel |
15.93 |
| 18 |  Ukraine |
15.69 |
| 19 |  Bulgaria |
11.91 |
| 20 |  Malaysia |
10.885 |
| 21 |  Iran |
10.878 * |
| 22 |  South Korea |
10.875 |
| 23 |  South Africa |
9.893 |
| 24 |  Brazil |
9.888 |
| 25 |  Syria |
8.9 |
| 26 |  Afghanistan |
8.85 |
| 27 |  Czechoslovakia |
7.93 |
| 28 |  Austria |
7.928 |
| 29 |  Poland |
7.919 |
| 30 |  Slovakia |
7.914 |
| 31 | India |
7.903 |
| 32 |  Cuba |
7.863 |
| 33 |  Mongolia |
7.863 |
| 34 |  Vietnam |
7.862 |
| 35 |  Romania |
7.862 |
| 36 |  Saudi Arabia |
7.069 |
| 37 |  Mexico |
6.878 |
- As of 6 November 2007
- * Dual citizens counted under both nationalities.
- ** and counting
Notable unmanned spaceflights
| Body | Spacecraft | Event | Country | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Earth | A-4(V-2) | First rocket to reach space |  Germany |
June 1944 |
| Earth | Sputnik 1 | First satellite in orbit[9] | USSR |
4 October 1957 |
| Earth | Vanguard 1 | Oldest satellite still in orbit— expected to stay in orbit 240 years. Ceased transmissions in May, 1964 | USA |
17 March 1958 |
| Moon | Luna 1 | First flyby, dist. of 5,995 km | USSR |
4 January 1959 |
| Moon | Luna 2 | First impact[9] | USSR |
14 September 1959 |
| Moon | Luna 3 | First image of lunar far-side[9] | USSR |
7 October 1959 |
| Earth | Discoverer 13 | First satellite recovered from Orbit[9] | USA |
11 August 1960 |
| Venus | Venera 1 | First flyby, dist. of 100,000 km (lost communication contact before)[9] | USSR |
19 May 1961 |
| Venus | Mariner 2 | First planetary flyby, dist. of 34,762 km (with communication contact) | USA |
14 December 1962 |
| Mars | Mariner 4 | First Mars flyby, first planetary imaging, dist. of 9,846 km | USA |
14 July 1965 |
| Moon | Luna 9 | First soft landing, first lunar surface-level image[9] | USSR |
31 January 1966 |
| Venus | Venera 3 | First impact[9] | USSR |
1 March 1966 |
| Moon | Luna 10 | First orbiter[9] | USSR |
3 April 1966 |
| Venus | Venera 7 | First soft landing | USSR |
1 August 1970 |
| Moon | Luna 16 | First automated sample return | USSR |
24 September 1970 |
| Moon | Luna 17 | First automated roving vehicle - Lunokhod 1 | USSR |
17 November 1970 |
| Mars | Mariner 9 | First orbiter | USA |
14 November 1971 |
| Mars | Mars 2 | First impact | USSR |
27 November 1971 |
| Mars | Mars 3 | First soft landing, telemetry signal for 20 s before transmissions ceased |
USSR |
2 December 1971 |
| Jupiter | Pioneer 10 | First flyby, dist. of 130,000 km | USA |
3 December 1973 |
| Mercury | Mariner 10 | First flyby, dist. of 703 km | USA |
29 March 1974 |
| Venus | Venera 9 | First orbiter First surface-level imaging of another planet |
USSR |
22 October 1975 |
| Sun | Helios 2 |
|
West Germany |
17 April 1976 |
| Mars | Viking 1 | First surface-level imaging of Mars | USA |
20 July 1976 |
| Saturn | Pioneer 11 | First flyby, dist. of 21,000 km | USA |
1 September 1979 |
| Venus | Venera 13 | First sound record on another planet | USSR |
1 March 1982 |
| Pioneer 10 | First extra-solar spacecraft (disputed because only according to some definitions) | USA |
13 June 1983 | |
| Venus | Vega 1 | First helium balloon atmospheric probe | USSR |
11 June 1985 |
| Uranus | Voyager 2 | First flyby, dist. of 81,500 km | USA |
24 January 1986 |
| Comet Halley | Vega 1 | First comet flyby, dist. of 8,890 km | USSR |
6 March 1986 |
| Neptune | Voyager 2 | First flyby, dist. of 40,000 km | USA |
25 August 1989 |
| 951 Gaspra | Galileo probe | First asteroid flyby, dist. of 1,600 km | USA |
29 October 1991 |
| Jupiter | Galileo probe | First impact | USA |
7 December 1995 |
| Jupiter | Galileo probe | First orbiter | USA |
7 December 1995 |
| Mars | Mars Pathfinder | First automated roving vehicle - Sojourner | USA |
4 July 1997 |
| 433 Eros | NEAR Shoemaker | First asteroid orbiter | USA |
14 February 2000 |
| 433 Eros | NEAR Shoemaker | First asteroid soft landing | USA |
12 February 2001 |
| Saturn | Cassini orbiter | First orbiter | ESA USA |
1 July 2004 |
| Titan | Huygens probe | First soft landing | ESA USA |
14 January 2005 |
| Comet Tempel 1 | Deep Impact | First comet impact | USA |
4 July 2005 |
| Voyager 1 | At greatest distance from Earth, 15 billion km | USA |
As of 2006[update] | |
| Pioneer 6 | Longest operating space probe, brief contact was reestablished on 8 December 2000, after nearly 35 years in space. |
USA |
As of 2005[update] |
See also
References
- ^ Schwirtz, Michael (2009-03-30). "Staying Put on Earth, Taking a Step to Mars". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/31/science/space/31mars.html. Retrieved 2009-04-15.
- ^ "Polyakov". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/astros/polyakov.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-15.
- ^ Tariq Malik (2007). "Orbital Champ: ISS Astronaut Sets New U.S. Spacewalk Record". Space.com. http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/070208_exp14_eva4wrap.html.
- ^ "Astronaut Bio: Sunita Williams (5/2008)". NASA Logo National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/williams-s.html. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
- ^ a b NASA (2005). "Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev Biography". NASA. http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/krikalev.html. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
- ^ NASA (2005). "Krikalev Sets Time-in-Space Record". NASA. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition11/krikalev_record.html. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
- ^ a b NASA. ""Peggy A. Whitson (Ph.D.)"". Biographical Data. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/whitson.html. Retrieved 2008-05-13.
- ^ Tariq Malik. "Orbital Finale: ISS Spacewalkers Free Stuck Cargo Ship Antenna". Space.com. http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/070222_exp14_eva5wrap.html. Retrieved 2009-04-15.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "MAJOR SPACE "FIRSTS'-AN AMERICAN ASSESSMENT" (PDF). Flight 91 (3028): 459. 1967-03-23. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1967/1967%20-%200467.html. Retrieved 2009-04-15.
External links
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