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Spam

 
Dictionary: Spam   (spăm) pronunciation
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A trademark used for a canned meat product consisting primarily of chopped pork pressed into a loaf.


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How Products are Made: How is spam made?
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Background

Spam is a brand name for a canned meat product containing ham, pork, salt, flavorings, and preservatives that are mixed and cooked under vacuum pressure. There are other brands of similar canned pork meat products, but Spam—made by Hormel Foods Corporation—is the original and the best-selling of the brands.

The standard Spam can is brick-shaped and holds 7 oz (198 g) of meat. A 2-oz (57-g) serving contains 170 calories, provides 7 g of protein, 140 calories of fat, and has 0.75 g of sodium. It contains small amounts of cholesterol and iron. Americans eat approximately 3.8 cans per second. Two American plants produce 44,000 cans of Spam every hour. Hawaii consumes the most Spam in the world—about four million cans yearly (it is particularly popular in sushi).

Spam is an important protein source and economical as well. Unopened cans require no refrigeration and Spam has an indefinite shelf life because it is heat-sealed within the tin. It can, therefore, be shipped all over the world without spoiling. Thus, it is an important food source in many places where fresh meat is difficult to obtain or expensive (such as Hawaii and Guam). Spam has become a kitschy favorite with Spam t-shirts and cookbooks selling quite well. Spam has also made it onto the worldwide web with several websites dedicated to the product. The term spam has also come to mean unwanted junk e-mails received on personal computers.

History

Spam was first released onto the American market in 1937. Jay Hormel, the son of a successful Minnesota meat-packing house owner, was an energetic young man with big plans for his father's company. Hormel brought out canned ham in 1926. When his product was imitated, Hormel added spices to make it distinct. In the early 1930s, many companies were producing canned pork in large containers. Hormel's competition included lips, snouts, even ears in their meats but Hormel refused to use these refuse parts. Instead, he used the shoulder of the pig (a cut of meat rarely used because of its time-consuming removal from the bone). Hormel's meat was superior and more expensive than the competition's, but once opened it was indistinguishable. Hormel sought a way to seperate his product from the rest, and he decided to try two things: reduce the size of the can so it was family-sized and design a distinctive label.

Hormel's first experimental 12-oz (340-g) cans of this pork luncheon meat turned out to be 8 oz (227 g) of meat and 4 oz (113 g) of useless juice. As the heat cooked the meat in the sealed can, cells broke down and released an excessive amount of juice. Hormel tried many things to reduce the juice. Ultimately he discovering that it was not enough to put it in a can that was vacuum sealed, but the meat must also be mixed in a vacuum in order to minimize the juice released while cooking.

The new luncheon meat was not available for a while, awaiting a marketable name and an iconic label. After much dispute, the name Spam seemed perfect. Most believe it to be a combination of the words spiced and ham, but the original product contained no ham. (Hormel later added ham to the mixture because so many thought it was already in the product.) Upon release the meat was not an instant seller, but Spam was touted for its value and convenience.

By 1941, 40 million cans of Spam had been sold. During World War II, Spam was sent overseas to feed American G.I.s. Hormel supplied Allied troops with 15 million cans of Spam per week throughout the war. World leaders—including Eisenhower, Margaret Thatcher, and Nikita Khrushchev—credited Spam for its effectiveness. After the war, Hormel actively advertised the product, getting big names to sing its praises. Plants overseas also began producing Spam. By 1959, Hormel had manufactured its billionth can. By 1962, the 12-oz (340-g) can was joined by a 7-oz (198-g) can for single people and small families. Other innovations included Spam with cheese chunks and smoke-flavored product (1972) and Spam-Lite (1992). A major re-design of the label occurred in 1997, and both the old and new version entered the Smithsonian.

Raw Materials

The primary ingredient in Spam is chopped pork shoulder meat mixed with ham. About 90% of Spam is pork from a pig's shoulders. The remaining 10% (or so) comes from the pig's buttock and thigh, better known as ham. This ratio varies according to ham and pork prices. The U.S. Department of Agriculture does not permit any nonmeat fillers in lunchmeat, nor does it allow pig snouts, lips, or ears. The second ingredient is salt, added for flavor and for use as a preservative. Also, a small amount of water is used to bind all ingredients together. Sugar is also included for flavor. Finally, sodium nitrate is added to prevent botulism and acts as a preservative as well. It is the sodium nitrite that gives Spam its bright pink color—without it, Spam would discolor and become brown.

The Manufacturing Process

  1. Pigs are no longer butchered by the Hormel Company, so meat is purchased from dealers and brought into the plant. Pork shoulders and ham are brought into the plant and cut apart. The pork shoulders are put into a powerful hydraulic press that literally squeezes the meat off the bone. The deboned meat is put into a large gondola or basket. Ham, however, must be cut away from the bone by hand. The meat-cutters remove and sort the meat from the shanks in the ham trim lines. The whitest, fattiest pieces are put into a large gondola marked "white," while meatier pieces are hand-sorted into one marked "red." The gondolas remain in a refrigerated area until they are needed.
  2. Next, the gondolas are wheeled from the cold storage area and onto the main floor. The meat is transferred to a crane-like machine and then dumped into a large metal trough equipped with a drill bit. There, the drill bit thoroughly grinds the red and white pieces dumped in the trough. The batch is weighed (usually about 8,000 lb [3,628 kg] at this point) and passed under a metal detector (to catch a stray knife or mixing component). A small sample of Spam is analyzed to ensure it has the right combination of pork to ham and white to red pieces.
  3. The ground meat is then distributed by the gondolas into several vacuum mixers. When these mixers are in the open position, they look like giant gas grills, but they are equipped with a refrigerated ammonia outer core that brings the meat temperature down to below freezing (32°F [0°C]). Then, the other ingredients in Spam—salt, sugar, water, and sodium nitrite—are added. The mixer lid is closed, creating an airtight seal, and the batch is mixed. The reason the vacuum is induced, the meat chilled, and the salt added is to reduce the amount of juice released by the meat when it is cooked. If too much liquid is released during cooking, the can would contain a large amount of gelatin.
  4. While the Spam is being mixed, machines elsewhere are pushing empty, upside-down Spam cans off storage pallets one layer at a time. The plain silver cans are pushed onto a conveyor belt and sent toward the filler.
  5. Nearly 1,000 lb (454 kg) of Spam is manually unloaded from the first mixer, dumped into receivers, and fed through pipes. The mixture moves through the pipes until it reaches the cone-shaped can fillers. As the cans travel undeneath the fillers, a device picks each one up and deposits the raw, ground Spam into the can (from the bottom) in one motion. The can is filled as the machine lifts it.
  6. The can is sealed at a closing machine. They are then stamped with an identifying code so that the product can be traced back to the manufacturer.
  7. Now, the closed cans head to the six-story-tall hydrostatic cooker. Spam is cooked in the can by very hot water within the cooker. The cans approach to cooker in a line, an arm swings out and pushes 24 cans onto a shelf. The shelf moves upward, and an arm swings out an pushes another group of cans onto a shelf. In two hours, 66,000 thousand cans will travel up and down 11 chambers in this huge cooker as they are heated, sterilized, washed, and cooled.
  8. As the cans leave the hydrostatic cooker, they are now cool and ready for labeling. The labels sit at the end of the cooker in long rolls. An automatic labeler attaches a polypropelene film label on each can, and the labeler cuts the label to the correct length.
  9. The cans are now ready for boxing. Twenty-four cans are fed onto flat pieces of cardboard, and a box is formed around the cans using the cardboard. The boxes are moved, and when a palette is filled with boxes, the entire pallet is shrink-wrapped. The cans are stamped with a date and other identifying numbers. A huge robot crane, driven by computer, transfers the pallet to a rack of shelving in the building. When the pallets get to the loading dock, then they are hoisted into the shelves by machines.
  10. The Spam cans cannot be shipped out for 10 days. One of every 1,000 cans produced must undergo extensive testing to make certain the meat was properly cooked. If there are no problems, the cans may be sold.

Quality Control

Hormel would likely agree that Spam begins with quality pork and ham. Hornel no longer supplies its own meat for Spam, but the company chooses the meat carefully. Meat-cutters who cut the meat from the ham carefully perform their tasks and throw the pieces into the appropriate gondola. Also, the huge hydrostatic cooker has an alarm that trips if the computer detects there is any problem with the batch. The workers must fix that problem within three minutes. If they don't, the entire batch's viability is in question.

Portions of each batch are examined to make sure the batch has the right amount of pork shoulder to ham. The U.S. Department of Agriculture does not permit any Spam cans to leave the processing plant for 10 days. One out of every 1,000 cans be subjected to a 100°F (38°C) test to see if the can bulges or shows any other signs of improper cooking. The bacteria content is also tested. Finally, taste tests are routine at Hormel Foods Corporation. Every Friday all executives involved in Spam production meet to visually inspect (and sometimes taste) several different batches of Spam produced during the week.

The Future

Since Spam was first released it has undergone many transformations. From plain Spam to Turkey Spam to Spam-Lite. People are coming up with endless recipes that call for Spam, and Hormel is trying to incorporate every consumer's need into their product development. Spam with less sodium is now available. The launch of Hormel's website dedicated to Spain now provides consumers with a catalog devoted to Spam and Spam labeled products.

Where to Learn More

Books

Wyman, Carol. Spam: A Biography. San Diego: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1999.

Other

"Spam: An Authorized Biography." A Manual for Public Relations. Hormel Foods, 2000.

[Article by: Nancy E.V. Bryk]


Food and Nutrition: Spam
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Home > Library > Food & Cooking > Food and Nutrition

Trade name for canned pork luncheon meat; a contraction of ‘spiced ham’ introduced by George A. Hormel. Co. in 1937.

Food Lover's Companion: Spam
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Home > Library > Food & Cooking > Food Lover's Companion

Brand name of a canned seasoned pork product, created in the United States by the Hormel Company in 1926. This product was originally called "Spiced Ham," but got a name change in the 1930s via a contest with a grand prize of $100. And so the name "Spam" was born. Because it wasn't rationed like beef, Spam became an all-American staple during World War II. Several styles are now available including regular, low-sodium and smoked.

Wikipedia: Spam (food)
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Home > Library > Miscellaneous > Wikipedia
This article is about the canned meat product. For other uses, see Spam.
Spam
Spam with cans.jpeg
Created by Hormel Foods Corporation
Time created 1937
Type of Food Processed meat
Website The Official Spam Web Site
Portal.svg Food portal

Spam is a canned precooked meat product made by the Hormel Foods Corporation. The labeled ingredients in the classic variety of Spam are chopped pork shoulder meat with ham meat added, salt, water, sugar, and sodium nitrite to help keep its color. Spam's gelatinous glaze, or aspic, forms from the cooling of meat stock.[1] The product has become part of many jokes and urban legends about mystery meat, which has made it part of pop culture and folklore.

Varieties of Spam vary by region and include Spam Classic, Spam Hot & Spicy, Spam Less Sodium, Spam Lite, Spam Oven Roasted Turkey, Hickory Smoked, and Spam Spread.[2]

Spam sold in North America, South America, and Australia is produced in Austin, Minnesota, (also known as Spam Town USA) and in Fremont, Nebraska. Spam for the UK market is produced in Denmark by Tulip under license from Hormel.[3] Spam is also made in the Philippines and in South Korea.[4] In 2007, the seven billionth can of Spam was sold.[5]

Contents

Name origin

Introduced on July 5, 1937, the name "Spam" was chosen when the product, whose original name was far less memorable (Hormel Spiced Ham), began to lose market shares. The name was chosen from multiple entries in a naming contest. A Hormel official once stated that the original meaning of the name "Spam" was "Shoulder of Pork and Ham".[6] According to writer Marguerite Patten in Spam – The Cookbook, the name was suggested by Kenneth Daigneau, an actor and the brother of a Hormel vice president, who was given a $100 prize for coming up with the name.[7] At one time, the official explanation was that the name was a portmanteau of "Spiced Ham". According to the British documentary-reality show "1940's House", when SPAM was offered by the US to those affected by WWII in the UK, SPAM stood for Specially Processed American Meats. Many jocular backronyms have been devised, such as "Something Posing As Meat", "Specially Processed Artificial Meat", "Stuff, Pork and Ham", "Spare Parts Animal Meat" and "Special Product of Austin Minnesota".[8]

According to Hormel's trademark guidelines, Spam should be spelled with all capital letters and treated as an adjective, as in the phrase "SPAM luncheon meat".

Nutritional data

Spam is typically sold in cans with a net weight of 340 grams (12 ounces). A 56 gram (approximately 2 ounce) serving of original Spam provides seven grams of protein, two grams of carbohydrates, 15 grams of fat (23% US Daily Value) including 6 grams of saturated fat (28% US Daily Value), and 170 calories. A serving also contains nearly a third of the recommended daily intake of sodium (salt). A 56 gram serving of spam contains 767 mg of sodium, equivalent to approximately 2 grams of salt, indicating about 3.6% of spam's mass is salt. Spam provides very little in terms of vitamins and minerals (0% vitamin A, 1% vitamin C , 1% calcium, 3% iron). It has been listed as a food that is a poor choice for weight loss and optimum health and as a food that "is high in saturated fat and sodium".[9]

Varieties

There are several different flavors of Spam, including:[10]

  • Spam Classic — original flavor
  • Spam Hot & Spicy — with tabasco flavor
  • Spam Less Sodium — "25% less sodium"
  • Spam Lite — "33% less calories and 50% less fat"
  • Spam Oven Roasted Turkey
  • Spam Hickory Smoke flavor
  • Spam Spread — "if you're a spreader, not a slicer...just like Spam Classic, but in a spreadable form"
  • Spam with Bacon
  • Spam with Cheese
  • Spam Garlic
  • Spam Golden Honey Grail — a limited-release special flavor made in honor of Monty Python's SPAMALOT Broadway musical
  • Spam Mild

In addition to flavor, some of the tins come in smaller sizes than normal. A more popular option is the 7 oz size can. Recently, "Spam Singles" have been produced: a single sandwich-sized slice of Spam (Classic or Lite), wrapped in plastic instead of a metal container.

International usage

Spam advertisement on back cover of Time magazine on May 14, 1945.

As of 2003, Spam is sold in 41 countries worldwide. The largest consumers of Spam are the United States, the United Kingdom and South Korea.[citation needed]

United States and territories

In the United States, Spam is quite popular, but is sometimes associated with economic hardship, due to its relatively low cost.[11]

The residents of the state of Hawaii and the territories of Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) consume the most Spam per capita in the United States. On average, each person on Guam consumes 16 tins of Spam each year and the numbers at least equal this in the CNMI. Guam, Hawaii, and Saipan, the CNMI's principal island, have the only McDonald's restaurants that feature Spam on the menu. Burger King, in Hawaii, began serving Spam in 2007 on its menu to compete with the local McDonald's chains.[12][13]

In Hawaii, Spam is so popular it is sometimes dubbed "The Hawaiian Steak".[14] It is traditionally reheated (cooked), resulting in a different taste from Spam eaten by many Americans on the mainland, who may eat Spam cold.[15] One popular Spam dish in Hawaii is Spam musubi, in which cooked Spam is combined with rice and nori seaweed and classified as onigiri.[16]

Spam was introduced into the aforementioned areas, in addition to other islands in the Pacific such as Okinawa and the Philippine Islands, during the U.S. military occupation in World War II. Since fresh meat was difficult to get to the soldiers on the front, World War II saw the largest use of Spam. GIs started eating Spam for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. (Some soldiers referred to Spam as "ham that didn't pass its physical" and "meatloaf without basic training".)[17] Surpluses of Spam from the soldiers' supplies made their way into native diets. Consequently, Spam is a unique part of the history and effects of U.S. influence in the Pacific.[18]

The perception of Spam in Hawaii is very different from that on the mainland. Despite the large number of mainlanders who eat Spam, and the various recipes that have been made from it, Spam, along with most canned food, is often stigmatized on the mainland as "poor people food". In Hawaii, similar canned meat products such as Treet are referred to as "poor people Spam".

Four different types of Spam. Clockwise from top left: Garlic, Oven Roasted Turkey, Hot and Spicy, and the Japanese released version (Spam Less Sodium) of Spam.

In these locales, varieties of Spam unavailable in other markets are sold. These include Honey Spam, Spam with Bacon, and Hot and Spicy Spam.[18]

In the CNMI, lawyers from Hormel have threatened legal action against the local press for running articles decrying the ill-effects of high Spam consumption on the health of the local population.[19][20]

Austin, Minnesota has a restaurant with a menu devoted exclusively to Spam, called "Johnny's SPAMarama Menu".[21]

Europe

In the United Kingdom Spam was a popular addition to the menu of fish and chip shops[citation needed], where slices are battered and deep-fried and are known as 'spam fritters', However this tradition has faded out in recent decades. It gained popularity in the 1940s during World War II, as a consequence of the Lend-Lease Act.

After World War II, Newforge Foods, part of the Fitch Lovell group, were awarded the license to produce the product in the UK (doing so at its Gateacre factory, Liverpool),[22] where it stayed until production switched to the Danish Crown Group (owners of the Tulip Food Company[23]) in 1998, forcing the closure of the Liverpool factory and the loss of 140 jobs.[24] By the early 1970s the name Spam was often misused to describe any tinned meat product containing pork, such as pork luncheon meat.

The image of Spam as a low cost meat product gave rise to the British colloquial term "Spam valley" to describe certain affluent housing areas where residents appear to be wealthy but in reality may be living at poverty levels.

Asia

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Spam is often served with rice in Asia.

In Okinawa, Japan, Spam has become very popular. The product is an ingredient in the traditional Okinawan dish chanpurū, and a Spam burger is sold by local fast food chain Jef.

In China, Spam is a popular food item and often used in sandwiches.

In Hong Kong, Spam is commonly served with instant noodles and fried eggs, and is a popular item in cha chaan teng.

In the Philippines, Spam is a popular meal, especially when eaten with eggs and fried rice. It is often eaten for breakfast.

In South Korea, Spam (Hangul: 스팸; RR: seupaem) is popular in households as an accompaniment to rice. A local television advertisement claims that it is the most tasty when consumed with white rice and gim (laver seaweed used for some types of handrolls). Spam is also an original ingredient in budae jjigae ("army base stew"), a spicy stew with different types of preserved meat.

Spam and similar meat preserves can be bought in gift sets that may contain nothing but the meat preserve[25] or include other products such as food oil or tuna. When invited to another person's home, guests may present their hosts with such a set, or with other food gifts such as fresh fruit, beverages or tteok.

The surfeit of Spam in both North and South Korea during the Korean War led to the establishment of the Spam kimbap (sushi roll). With no more fish or other traditional kimbap products,[clarification needed] Spam was added to a rice roll with pickle and cucumber and wrapped in seaweed. In Australia, Korean shops sell these as "sushi rolls", as an alternative to the traditional style of Japanese sushi rolls.

Middle East

In Israel, especially in the Israel Defense Forces, Luf (Hebrew: לוף‎) is a corned beef product made and packaged similarly to spam, although it is not made of pork.

Spam celebrations

Hormel Spam Museum in Austin, Minnesota.

Spam is celebrated in a small local festival in Austin, Minnesota, where Hormel corporate headquarters are located. The event, known as Spam Jam, is a carnival-type celebration which coincides with local Fourth of July festivities, featuring parades and fireworks which often relate to the popular luncheon meat. Austin is also home to the Spam Museum, and the plant that produces Spam for most of North America and Europe. In addition to the annual celebration, there is a national recipe competition where submissions are accepted at the top forty state fairs in the nation.

Hawaii also holds their own version of Spam Jam in Waikiki during the last week of April.

The small town of Shady Cove, Oregon is home to the annual Spam Parade and Festival, celebrating its 8th year in 2007.

The Spam Jam is not to be confused with Spamarama, which is a yearly festival held around April Fool's Day in Austin, Texas. The theme of Spamarama is gentle parody of Spam, rather than straightforward celebration: the event at the heart of the festival is a Spam cook-off that originated as a challenge to produce an appetizing recipe for the meat. The festival includes light sporting activities and musical acts, in addition to the cook-off.[26]

Cultural references

Monty Python sketch

Main article: Spam (Monty Python)

Spam was one of the few meat products excluded from the British food rationing that began in World War II,[dubious – discuss] and continued for a number of years thereafter.

The Monty Python comedy troupe used this as the context for their "Spam" sketch, in which the menu at a greasy spoon cafe consists almost entirely of dishes containing one or more portions of Spam.

The Monty Python musical Spamalot opened on Broadway in New York City in early 2005. It combines themes of the quest for the Holy Grail — previously explored in the film Monty Python and the Holy Grail — and Spam. Hormel released a collector's edition "honey" Spam in connection with the musical, and a "Stinky French Garlic" edition for the London opening of the show.[27]

Internet spam

Main article: Spam (electronic)

The repetitious nature of the Monty Python sketch, in which the customer becomes more and more exasperated by the appearances of "Spam" in every menu item, gave rise to the term spam as the common term for unsolicited bulk electronic messages. Hormel does not object to the term, but insists that it be spelled in lower case so as to distinguish it from its capitalized SPAM trademark. Hormel objects to Spam's "product identity" (for example, images of Spam cans) being used in relation to spamming, and has filed lawsuits against companies which have attempted to trademark words containing "Spam".

In 1998, the New Oxford Dictionary of English, which had previously only defined "spam" in relation to the trademarked food product, added a second definition to its entry: "Irrelevant or inappropriate messages sent on the Internet to a large number of newsgroups or users."[28]

"The Book of Spam"

Published by the Atria imprint of Simon & Schuster and written by Dustin Black and Dan Armstrong, two former advertising creatives who had worked on Spam ad campaigns since 2000.[29] The book details Spam's origins and contributions to World War II as well as various bits of trivia, such as the Spam museum in Austin, Minnesota.

Smeat

Several films have used 'Smeat' as a prop food, including Waterworld, Children of the Corn V, Buddy Boy, and Dawn of the Dead. A tin of 'Smeat' also features in the US drama series Millennium, in the season 1 episode "The Thin White Line", as well as in Beck's "Sexx Laws" music video.[30] Smeat also appears in the webcomic Pokey The Penguin, where it is seen entering Earth's atmosphere from a seemingly extraterrestrial source.[31] Smeat was most recently featured in "Supernatural" in the season 5 episode "Changing Channels".[32]

Other references

Since its introduction in 1937, Spam has been the subject of intense advertising. Featured in the major publications of the day, Spam's spokesmen included many contemporary film and radio stars, including Burns and Allen.[citation needed]

The American P-51 Mustang fighter plane of World War II and Korean War fame was sometimes nicknamed the "Spam Can", presumably because of the distinctive shape of the ventral air inlet for its radiator.

The 1948 film Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House makes several references to a fictional product named "Wham".

The 1996 movie Muppet Treasure Island featured a character who was a chieftain islander pig named "Spa'am". Hormel Foods Corporation sued Jim Henson Productions over the name in a court case that Hormel Foods eventually lost before the film was released.[33] On Muppets Tonight, there was another pig character named "Spamela Hamderson".[34]

The television series M*A*S*H frequently made fun of the many uses of the product.[35][36]

In the early days of Spam, there was a photograph of a handmade knife from Randall Made Knives featured on the can's label. Such items are now a collector's item among knife enthusiasts.[citation needed]

From 1995 until 2002, John Nagamichi Cho compiled a web archive of Spam haiku. During this time, 19,696 haiku about Spam were submitted by users from all over the world. Cho published some of the haiku the book Spam-Ku: Tranquil Reflections on Luncheon Loaf.[37]

The American parody singer "Weird Al" Yankovic often references Spam in his songs, including a song titled "Spam" (a parody of the R.E.M. song "Stand"), the lyrics of which explore the vocalist's obsession with the product. The song is included on the soundtrack album for Yankovic's film UHF.[38]

The ska band Save Ferris included a song dedicated to Spam in their album It Means Everything.

In absurdist American author Christopher Moore's book Island of the Sequined Love Nun many formerly cannibalistic islanders have an attachment to Spam because it has a very close approximation of human flesh.

In the video game Fallout 3, you can find cans of food named "Cram" which closely resemble actual cans of Spam.[39]

See also

References

  1. ^ Campbell, Belinda; Clapton, Barbara; Tipton, Catherine (2002). Food Technology. Heinemann. p. 20. 
  2. ^ "Spam — The Official Spam website". http://www.spam.com/Shop/ProductList.aspx?Category={505D2888-EF00-4C99-BDFE-4AACCF5CE0E6}. 
  3. ^ "the Spam timeline section under 1990s'' "In 1997, Hormel Foods awards Tulip UK with the licence for supplying SPAM to the UK market." '' Retrieved May 29, 2008". Spam-uk.com. http://www.spam-uk.com/about.asp. Retrieved 2009-06-21. 
  4. ^ ""Where is the Spam family of products made?" on spam.com.". http://www.spam.com/whatisspam/. 
  5. ^ "SPAM® Brand History". www.spam.com. http://www.spam.com/about/history/default.aspx. Retrieved October 22, 2009. 
  6. ^ Terry O’Reilly, on The Age of Persuasion on CBC Radio, broadcast 12 January 2009
  7. ^ "Spam.com — Spam Timeline". http://www.spam.com/museum/spam_history.aspx. 
  8. ^ Boxcar, Ruby Ann (2004). Dear Ruby Ann: Down Home Advice about Lovin', Livin', and the Whole Shebang. Citadel Press. ISBN 0-8065-2560-6. , p. 244
  9. ^ "Nutritional Facts and Analysis for Spam". http://www.nutritiondata.com/facts-C00001-01c20Nk.html. 
  10. ^ Welcome to SPAM.com
  11. ^ ""Spam Turns Serious and Hormel Turns Out More", New York Times, November 14, 2008". http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/15/business/15spam.html. 
  12. ^ "Burger King to Serve Spam in Hawaii". http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070611/ap_on_bi_ge/burger_king_Spam. 
  13. ^ Boyd Huppert (May 17, 2007). "Land of 10,000 Stories — Spam in Paradise". KARE11 News. http://www.kare11.com/news/news_article.aspx?storyid=254168. 
  14. ^ "The Spam That Isn't Via E-Mail". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F04E6DB1338F934A35757C0A9659C8B63. Retrieved 2007-12-28. 
  15. ^ "McDonald's test-markets Spam — Pacific Business News (Honolulu):". Bizjournals.com. 2002-06-11. http://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/stories/2002/06/10/daily22.html. Retrieved 2009-06-21. 
  16. ^ "Spam — Hawaiian Spam Musubi". http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/Spam.htm. 
  17. ^ American Eats, History Channel Programme
  18. ^ a b Jaymes Song (June 11, 2007). "Burger giants wage Spam war". The Star. http://www.thestar.com/News/article/223937. 
  19. ^ "Organic smoke (and mirrors)". Saipan Tribune. 2006-07-21. http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?newsID=59528&cat=3. Retrieved 2009-06-21. 
  20. ^ "A junkie waiting to happen". Saipan Tribune. 2006-07-14. http://saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?cat=3&newsID=59336. Retrieved 2009-06-21. 
  21. ^ "Spam Turns Serious and Hormel Turns Out More",, NYTimes, Nov 14, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/15/business/15spam.html?_r=1
  22. ^ The story of Fitch Lovell Ambrose Keevil Phillimore Press 1972 ISBN 0850330742
  23. ^ "Bot generated title ->". english.tulip.dk<!. http://english.tulip.dk/. Retrieved 2009-06-21. 
  24. ^ "Spam firm faces closure after serving its last slice". Telegraph.co.uk. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1997/12/24/nspam24.html. Retrieved 2009-06-21. 
  25. ^ Image of a ?44,800 Spam gift set
  26. ^ "Spamarama website". http://www.Spamarama.org/. Retrieved 2006-08-11. 
  27. ^ Nigel Reynolds, Arts Correspondent (October 27, 2006). "Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam... and garlic?". Telegraph.co.uk. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/09/04/nSpam04.xml. Retrieved 2007-03-17. 
  28. ^ ""Oxford dictionary adds Net terms" on News.com". http://news.com.com/2100-1023-214535.html. 
  29. ^ Winston-Salem Journal | Discover the secrets and delights of SPAM[dead link]
  30. ^ "Screen captures of Smeat in movies and video". http://www.smeat.net/. Retrieved 2007-05-27. 
  31. ^ "Pokey The Penguin: Enjoy Smeat". http://yellow5.com/pokey/archive/index157.html. Retrieved 2008-02-17. 
  32. ^ "Supernatural: Changing Channels (online video)". http://www.cwtv.com/cw-video/supernatural/supernatural-changing-channels/?play=715-6840. Retrieved 2009-11-11. 
  33. ^ "Appellate court decision in Hormel Foods vs. Jim Henson Productions". http://laws.lp.findlaw.com/2nd/957977.html. 
  34. ^ ""http://muppet.wikia.com/wiki/Spamela_Hamderson" on Muppet Wiki". http://muppet.wikia.com/wiki/Spamela_Hamderson. 
  35. ^ M*A*S*H episode Private Charles Lamb, December 31, 1974
  36. ^ ""You know you watch too much M*A*S*H when..."". http://www.mash4077.co.uk/obsession.html. 
  37. ^ "To a Haiku Writer, Spam Is Poetry in a Can". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C01E3D71631F931A25752C1A96E958260. Retrieved 2007-12-04. 
  38. ^ ""Weird Al" Yankovic's Studio Albums". http://www.weirdal.com/catalog.htm#alb6. 
  39. ^ "http://fallout.wikia.com/wiki/Cram". http://fallout.wikia.com/wiki/Cram. 

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Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
How Products are Made. How Products are Made. Copyright © 2002 by The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Food and Nutrition. A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. Copyright © 1995, 2003, 2005 by A. E. Bender and D. A. Bender. All rights reserved.  Read more
Food Lover's Companion. Food Lover's Companion. Copyright © 2001 by Barron's Educational Series, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Spam (food)".  Read more