The main types of analysis in GIS include spatial analysis, which analyzes the spatial relationships and patterns of geographic data; attribute analysis, which focuses on the non-spatial attributes of geographic data; and network analysis, which examines the connectivity and accessibility of geographic features in a network. Other types of analysis include terrain analysis, suitability analysis, and interpolation analysis.

GIS analytical tools are software tools that help to analyze, interpret, and visualize geographic data. These tools range from spatial querying, data manipulation, overlay analysis, and spatial statistics to network analysis, geocoding, and raster analysis. They allow users to perform advanced spatial analysis and make informed decisions based on the relationships and patterns found in the data.

Wenzhong. Shi has written:

'Principles of Modeling Uncertainties in Spatial Data and Spatial Analysis'

Spatial analysis is the process of examining the relationships between geographic data sets and uncovering patterns and trends in the context of location. It involves using statistical methods and GIS technology to analyze spatial data to provide insights for decision-making. Spatial analysis is commonly used in various fields such as urban planning, environmental studies, and business intelligence for understanding spatial relationships and making informed decisions.

Essential Functions