spectroheliograph

An instrument used to make spectroheliograms.

A spectrographic instrument that produces mono-chromatic images of the Sun. In a simple form of the instrument, an image of the Sun from a solar telescope is focused on a plane containing the entrance slit of the spectroheliograph (see illustration). The light passing through the slit is collimated by a concave mirror that is tilted such that the light is incident on a plane diffraction grating. Part of the dispersed light from the grating is focused by a second concave mirror, identical to the first mirror, at an exit slit identical to the entrance slit. By symmetry of the optical system, the portion of the solar disk imaged on the entrance slit is reimaged in the plane of the exit slit with the same image scale but in dispersed wavelength. The light imaged along the exit slit then corresponds to the portion of the solar image falling on the entrance slit, but in the light of only a narrow region of the spectrum, as determined by the spectrographic dispersion. The particular wavelength sampled is set by the grating angle. By uniform transverse motion of the instrument such that the entrance slit is scanned across the solar image, the light passing through the exit slit maps out a corresponding monochromatic image of the Sun, which can be recorded photographically with a stationary camera or digitally by sequential readout of a linear array that moves with the exit slit. See also Astronomical spectroscopy; Diffraction grating; Sun.

Optical configuration of a simple spectroheliograph.

The spectroheliograph is an instrument used in astronomy. It captures a photographic image of the Sun at a single wavelength of light, a monochromatic image. The wavelength is usually chosen to coincide with a spectral wavelength of one of the chemical elements present in the Sun.

It was developed independently by George Ellery Hale and Henri-Alexandre Deslandres in 1890 and further refined in 1932 by Robert R. McMath to take motion pictures.

The instrument comprises a prism or diffraction grating, together with a narrow slit that passes a single wavelength (a monochromator). The light is focused onto a photographic medium and the slit is moved across the disk of the Sun to form a complete image.

See also

• Spectrohelioscope

External links

• An amateur-made spectroheliograph

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