Staff college

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Staff colleges (also command and staff colleges or war colleges) train military officers in the administrative, staff and policy aspects of their profession. It is usual for such training to occur at several levels in a career. For example, an officer may be sent to various staff courses: as a captain they may be sent to a single service command and staff school to prepare for company command and equivalent staff posts; as a major to a single or joint service college to prepare for battalion command and equivalent staff posts; and as a colonel or brigadier to a higher staff college to prepare for brigade and division command and equivalent postings.

The success of Staff Colleges spawned, in the mid-twentieth century, a civilian imitation in what are called administrative staff colleges. These institutions apply some of the principles of the education of the military colleges to the executive development of managers from both the public and private sectors of the economy. The first and best-known administrative staff college was established in Britain at Greenlands near Henley, Oxfordshire and is now re-named Henley Management College.

Contents 1 History 2 Staff Course Formats 3 Staff colleges 4 See also 5 References

History

The first modern staff college was that of Prussia. Prussian advanced officer education began under the reign of Fredrick the Great.^[when?] The Seven Years War demonstrated the inadequacy of generals' education, but it was not until 1801 that staff training in a modern sense began when Gerhard von Scharnhorst became director of the Militarakademie. The Prussian defeats at the hand of Napoleon I led to the creation of the Allgemeine Kriegsschule (General War Academy) with a nine month programme covering mathematics, tactics, strategy, staff work, weapons science, military geography, languages, physics, chemistry and administration.^[1] The German staff courses have been used as a basic templates for other staff courses around the world.

Staff Course Formats

Nations have taken a wide variety of approaches to staff colleges' form, curriculum and status, but have much in common with the Prussian courses of the early 19th Century. Some courses act as filters for promotion or entry into a specialist staff corps. Course lengths vary widely between 3 months and 3 years, with some having entrance and/or exit examinations. The more senior the course, the more likely that it will include strategic, political and joint aspects, with junior courses often focusing on single service and tactical military aspects of warfare.

Staff colleges

Australia

The Australian Defence College (ADC) was officially opened in 1999 in Canberra. It is a Joint organisation, and comprises:

• the Centre for Defence and Strategic Studies (CDSS), Weston Creek,
• the Australian Command and Staff College (ACSC), Weston Creek, and
• the Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA).

Prior to the establishment of the Australian Command and Staff College, middle management officer Command and Staff training was conducted at separate single Service staff colleges:

• the Army Command and Staff Course was conducted at the Army Command and Staff College at Fort Queenscliff in Victoria;
• the RAAF Staff Course at the RAAF Staff College at RAAF Base Fairbairn in Canberra; and
• the RAN Staff Course at the RAN Staff College at HMAS Penguin in Sydney.

Canada

• Canadian Land Force Command and Staff College
• Canadian Forces College

France

• Collège interarmées de défense ("Defense Joint College"). Created in 1993 by the fusion of the four Écoles supérieures de guerre ("War Higher Schools").
• Centre des hautes études militaires ("Center of Advanced Military Studies"). Created in 1952. The students must have completed the Collège interarmées de défense.
• Institut des hautes études de la défense nationale ("Institute of Advanced Defense Studies"). Created in 1936. The students are civilians, both civil servants and high-profile executives, but the students of the Centre des hautes études militaires also attend the Institut.
• Centre des hautes études de l'armemement ("Center of Advanced Ordnance Studies"). The students are military officers and civil servants of the Délégation générale pour l'armement and executives of the arms industry.

Germany

• Führungsakademie der Bundeswehr, Armed Forces Staff and Command College
• Bundesakademie für Sicherheitspolitik, Federal Academy for Security Policy

India

Defence Services Staff College, Wellington

Japan

• Naval War College (Japan)

Lebanon

• Fouad Shehab Command and Staff College

NATO

• NATO Defence College

New Zealand

• New Zealand Defence College

Pakistan

• Command and Staff College established by Lord Kitchener in Quetta in 1907.
• National Defence University, Islamabad

Philippines

• Armed Forces of the Philippines Command and General Staff College

Singapore

• Singapore Command and Staff College

Sri Lanka

• General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University
• Defence Services Command and Staff College

United Kingdom

• Defence Academy of the United Kingdom (Shrivenham)
  • Joint Services Command and Staff College for officers (OF2 to OF6) and Warrant Officers (Shrivenham)
  • Royal College of Defence Studies for officers (OF6 to OF7) and civilians (London)
• Defunct British establishments include:
  • Joint Service Defence College
  • Staff College, Camberley

United States of America

• Air Force
  • Air University at Maxwell AFB, Alabama
  • Air Command and Staff College
  • Air War College
  • Air Force Institute of Technology (Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio)
• Army
  • Command and General Staff College in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas
  • School of Advanced Military Studies
  • U.S. Army War College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)
• Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island
  • College of Naval Command and Staff
  • College of Naval Warfare
  • Naval Postgraduate School (Monterey, California) - The Naval War College Monterey is a satellite office of the United States Naval War College, College of Distance Education (CDE) located on campus at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, California. NPS itself is not a NWC school and is not a Staff College.
• Marine Corps University
  • Marine Corps Command and Staff College
• Joint Forces Staff College in Norfolk, Virginia,
• Defense Acquisition University - five campuses - HQ at Fort Belvoir, Virginia
• National Defense University in Washington D.C.
  • National War College
  • Industrial College of the Armed Forces

See also

• Staff (military)
• Military Academy
• United States military academies
• List of defunct United States military academies
• Higher Command and Staff Course (UK)

References