Yes, a subcommittee can be a committee of the whole. While it is
possible, it is usually stupid. The purpose of a subcommittee is to
study an issue in depth, to bring back a report, and present the
research to back it up. If the subcommittee does its job, it keeps
the committee's discussion from being a pooling of ignorance.
Usually committees divide up work among subcommittees. If you are
going to have a subcommittee be a committee of the whole, why have
a subcommittee?