I assume you mean measure the frequency of vibration of a
mechanical system or part. You use a stroboscope, which is a light
that flashes briefly and rapidly. You shine the light on the object
and adjust the frequency of the strobe by turning a dial until the
object stops moving. You then read the dial to determine the
frequency. there are steps you have to take to avoid synchronizing
to a subharmonic of the base frequency. For example, if the object
is vibrating at 100Hz (10ms), running the strobe at 50hz will also
stop the motion, as it will pick up every other cycle.