Sundanese language
| Sundanese Basa Sunda |
||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Indonesia | |
| Region: | Jawa Barat, Banten, Jakarta, parts of western Jawa Tengah | |
| Total speakers: | 27 million | |
| Language family: | Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian Sunda-Sulawesi Sundanese |
|
| Official status | ||
| Official language of: | Jawa Barat | |
| Regulated by: | no official regulation | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | su | |
| ISO 639-2: | sun | |
| ISO 639-3: | sun | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Sundanese (Basa Sunda, literally "language of Sunda") is the language of about 27 million people from the western third of Java or about 15% of the Indonesian population.
It is classified in within the Austronesian - Malayo-Polynesian - Western Malayo-Polynesian - Sundic language family and has several dialects based on the locations of the people:
Priangan, which cover the most area of Sunda, is the main dialect of Sundanese language taught in elementary till junior-high schools (equivalent to ninth-year school grade).
Phonology
Currently, Sundanese is written in the Latin script and its orthography is highly phonetic (see also Sundanese script). There are five pure vowel sounds: a (/ɑ/), é (/ɛ/), i (/i/), o (/ɔ/), u (/ʊ/), and two neutral vowels; e (/ə/), and eu (/oʊ/). The consonantal phonemes (18 - but see below) are rendered by the letters p, b, t, d, k, g, c (pronounced as /tʃ/), j, h, ng (which also occurs initially), ny (/ɳ/), m, n, s (/s/), w, l, r (trilled or flapped) and y. Other consonants that originally appear in Indonesian loanwords mostly transferred into main consonants: f -> p, v -> p, sy -> s, sh -> s, z -> j, and kh (/x/) -> h.
Definition of Sundanese Phonology, according to Yayat Sudaryat (1985:26)says: "Fonologi nyaeta bagean tina elmu basa anu maluruh jeung medar sora-sora basa, prosesna, selang surupna, jeung parobahanana".
There are 16 consonants in Sundanese phonology, according to Yayat Sudaryat (1991,35): "fonem konsonan (contoid) nya eta sora omongan (fonem) anu kawangun ku hawa anu kaluar tina bayah sarta waktu liwat tikoro aya nu ngahalangan. konsonan nu aya dina basa sunda, nyaeta: /b/, /ts/, /d/, /g/, /h/, /dʒ/, /k/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /p/, /r/, /s/, /n/, /t/, /n'/, kuayana pangaruh basa kosta sok kapanggih konsonan /f/, /v/, /z/ mangrupa fomem nu asalna pangaruh basa kosta, saperti dina kecap: fonem, qur'an, xerox, zakat".[clarify]
Based on the statement above, it is clear that the Sundanese language has only 16 consonants, there are three consonants /f, v, z/ which exist in Sundanese as a result of borrowing words, but naturally they are not Sundanese consonants.
Furthermore, Sudaryat does not mention the phonemes /w, j/ as semi vowels, although as vowels, /w, j/ function as a glide sound between two different vowels, as in the words: Kueh - /ku w eh/ Muih - /mu w ih/ Bear - /be A ar/ Miang - Mi j an/
Phonemes /w/ and /j/ function as glide sounds between two different vowels as i the words: wa - rung wa - yang ba - wang ha - yang ku - ya
Basic grammar
Root word
(to be written).
Active form
(to be written).
Negation
(to be written).
Question
(to be written).
Dupi -(question) example: Polite- Dupi Bapa aya di bumi? (is your father at home?) Dupi bumi di palih mana? (where do you live?)
Passive form
(to be written).
Adjectives
(to be written). example: teuas (hard), Tiis (cool), Hipu (soft), lada (hot, ussualy for foods), haneut (warm), etc.
Prepositions
Place
| English | Sundanese (normal) |
Sundanese (polite) |
|---|---|---|
| above .. | diluhureun .. | diluhureun .. |
| behind .. | ditukangeun .. | dipengkereun .. |
| under .. | dihandapeun .. | dihandapeun .. |
| inside .. | di jero .. | di lebet .. |
| outside .. | di luar .. | di luar .. |
| between .. and .. |
di antara .. jeung .. |
di antawis .. sareng .. |
| front .. | hareup .. | payun .. |
| back .. | tukang .. | pengker .. |
Time
| English | Sundanese (normal) |
Sundanese (polite) |
|---|---|---|
| before | saacan | sateuacan |
| after | sanggeus | saparantos |
| during | basa | nalika |
| past | baheula | kapungkur |
Miscellaneous
| English | Sundanese (normal) |
Sundanese (polite) |
|---|---|---|
| from | tina | tina |
| for | jang | kanggo |
Conjuctives
(to be written).
See also
External links
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