The elements on the periodic table were created by stars through
nuclear fusion. We use the term stellar nucleosynthesis to describe
what stars are doing through fusion. Stars fuse hydrogen into
helium, and then start making heavier elements by a different
fusion process. But stars can only make elements up through iron.
They can't make the heavier elements. Enter the supernova. A
supernova is that "big blast" that occurs at the end of the life of
some stars. In a supernova, the trans-iron elements are formed.
That is, all the elements heavier than iron are formed in a
supernova. Because the elements heavier than iron are formed in a
supernova, we can say that there is a relationship between the
supernova and the periodic table of elements.