The Swadeshi (Hindi: स्वदेशी) movement, part of the Indian independence movement, was a successful economic strategy to remove the British Empire from power and improve economic conditions in India through following principles of swadeshi (self-sufficiency). Strategies of the swadeshi movement involved boycotting British products and the revival of domestic-made products and production techniques.
Swadeshi Movement emanated from the partition of bengal, 1905 and continued up to 1908. It was the most successful of the pre-Gandhian movements. Chief architects were Aurobindo Ghosh, Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Lala Lajpat Rai.
Swadeshi, as a strategy, was a key focus of Mahatma Gandhi who described it as the soul of Swaraj (self rule).
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Principles
Mahatma Gandhi described Swadeshi as "a call to the consumer to be aware of the violence he is causing by supporting those industries that result in poverty and harm to workers and to humans and other creatures[1]."
Gandhi recognised that alienation and exploitation often occur when production and consumption are divorced from their social and cultural context, and that local enterprise is a way to avoid these problems.
"Swadeshi is that spirit in us which requires us to serve our immediate neighbours before others, and to use things produced in our neighbourhood in preference to those more remote. So doing, we serve humanity to the best of our capacity. We cannot serve humanity by neglecting our neighbours".[2]
Origins
The word Swadeshi derives from Sanskrit and is a Sandhi or conjunction of two Sanskrit words. Swa means "self" or "own" and Desh means country, so Swadesh would be "own country", and Swadeshi, the adjectival form, would mean "of one's own country". The Opposite of Swadeshi in Sanskrit is Videshi or "not of one's country". Another Example of Sandhi or Conjunction in Sanskrit is Swaraj. Swa is Self (related to Latin reflexive root "su-") and Raj is "rule" (related to English "rich", Latin "rex", and German "Reich").
Influences
- Leo Tolstoy, the Russian author and pacifist, corresponded with Gandhi on the subject of nonviolence[3]
- E. F. Schumacher, author of Small is Beautiful, was influenced by Gandhi's concept of Swadeshi when he wrote his article on Buddhist Economics[4]
- Satish Kumar, editor of Resurgence magazine, has promoted the concept of Swadeshi in his writing and teaching, including a section in his book "You Are, Therefore I Am" (2002).
References
- ^ Mahatma Gandhi, in conversation with Ramachandran, 10/11 October, 1924
- ^ Mahatma Gandhi, Young India, 20 August 1919
- ^ Leo Tolstoy, Recollections & Essays, Oxford University Press, 1937 (the 'Gandhi Letters' are online at the Anarchy Archives [1])
- ^ Thomas Weber, Gandhi, Deep Ecology, Peace Research and Buddhist Economics, Journal of Peace Research; Vol-36, Number-3, May 1999 [2]
See also
External links
- http://www.squat.net/caravan/ICC-en/Krrs-en/ghandi-econ-en.htm
- http://www.wildewildeweb.com/gandhi/swadeshi.html
- http://www.swadesi.com
- http://www.swadesi.org
- http://www.swadeshi.org
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