synovitis

[New Latin synovium, synovia-secreting membrane (from SYNOVIA) + -ITIS.]

An inflammatory condition of the synovial membrane of a joint as the result of an aseptic wound or a traumatic injury, such as a sprain or severe strain.

Inflammation of the synovial membrane of a joint. A healthy joint contains only a small volume of fluid, but when it is inflamed (for example, as a result of a blow or infection), copious amounts may be produced, leading to swelling and limitation of joint movement.

Inflammation of a synovial membrane, usually painful, particularly on motion, and characterized by fluctuating swelling, due to effusion in a synovial sac.

• dry s. — synovitis with little effusion.
• granulomatous s. — see granulomatous synovitis/arthritis.
• infectious avian s. — an infectious disease of broiler chickens and young turkeys caused by Mycoplasma synoviae and manifested by acute or chronic exudative synovitis, tenosynovitis or bursitis. The birds are lame, the joints are often swollen and there is difficulty in moving and in maintaining a standing posture.
• lymphocytic s. — see lymphocytic–plasmacytic synovitis (below).
• lymphocytic–plasmacytic s. — an immune-mediated inflammatory joint disease seen most often in the stifle of dogs, with signs of joint laxity and instability resembling rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament. The synovial membrane is greatly thickened.
• purulent s. — synovitis with effusion of pus in a synovial sac.
• serous s. — synovitis with copious nonpurulent, serous effusion.
• s. sicca — dry synovitis.
• simple s. — synovitis with clear or slightly turbid effusion.
• tendinous s. — inflammation of a tendon sheath.
• villonodular s. — proliferation of synovial tissue, especially of the knee joint, composed of synovial villi and fibrous nodules infiltrated by giant cells and macrophages.

Synovitis
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	M65.
ICD-9	727.0
DiseasesDB	29890
MeSH	D013585

Synovitis is the medical term for inflammation of the synovial membrane. This membrane lines joints which possess cavities, known as synovial joints. The condition is usually painful, particularly when the joint is moved. The joint usually swells due to synovial fluid collection.

Synovitis may occur in association with arthritis as well as lupus, gout, and other conditions. Synovitis is more commonly found in rheumatoid arthritis than in other forms of arthritis, and can thus serve as a distinguishing factor, although it can present to a lesser degree in osteoarthritis. Long term occurrence of synovitis can result in degeneration of the joint.

Contents 1 Signs and Symptoms 2 Treatment 3 See also 4 External links 5 References

Signs and Symptoms

Synovitis causes joint tenderness or pain, swelling and hard lumps, called nodules. When associated with rheumatoid arthritis, swelling is a better indicator than tenderness.^[1]

Treatment

Synovitis symptoms can be treated by with anti-inflammatory drugs such as NSAIDs. Specific treatment depends on the underlying cause of the synovitis.

See also

• Tenosynovitis

External links

• healthscout.com
• DermAtlas -1087962730

References

1. ^ http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/538421 accessed July 28 2008

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v • d • e Soft tissue disorders / Rheumatism / Connective tissue arthropathy (M65-M79, 725-727) Capsular Synoviopathy Synovitis/Tenosynovitis (Calcific tendinitis, Stenosing tenosynovitis, Trigger finger, DeQuervain's syndrome) · Transient synovitis · Ganglion cyst osteochondromatosis (Synovial osteochondromatosis) · Plica syndrome villonodular synovitis (Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath) Bursopathy Bursitis (Olecranon, Prepatellar, Trochanteric, Subacromial) · Baker's cyst Noncapsular Fasciopathy Fasciitis: Plantar · Nodular · Necrotizing · Eosinophilic Fibromatosis/contracture Dupuytren's contracture · Peyronie's disease · Plantar fibromatosis · Aggressive fibromatosis · Knuckle pads Tendinopathy/ Enthesopathy/Enthesitis upper limb (Adhesive capsulitis of shoulder, Rotator cuff tear, Golfer's elbow, Tennis elbow) lower limb (Iliotibial band syndrome, Patellar tendinitis, Achilles tendinitis, Calcaneal spur, Metatarsalgia) · Bone spur other/general: Tendinitis · Tendinosis joint navs: anat, non-congenital arthropathies/deformities/dorsopathies/soft tissue arthropathy/congenital, eponymous signs, proc muscle, DF+DRCT navs: anat/hist/physio, acquired myopathy/congenital myopathy/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc

v • d • e Inflammation Acute Plasma derived mediators Bradykinin · complement (C3, C5a, MAC) · coagulation (Factor XII, Plasmin, Thrombin) Cell derived mediators preformed: Lysosome granules · vasoactive amines (Histamine, Serotonin) synthesized on demand: cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1) · eicosanoids (Leukotriene B4, Prostaglandins) · Nitric oxide · Kinins Chronic Macrophage · Epithelioid cell · Giant cell · Granuloma Processes Traditional: Rubor · Calor · Tumor · Dolor (pain) · Functio laesa Modern: Acute-phase reaction/Fever · Vasodilation · Increased vascular permeability · Exudate · Leukocyte extravasation · Chemotaxis Specific types Nervous CNS (Encephalitis, Myelitis) · Meningitis (Arachnoiditis) · PNS (Neuritis) · eye (Dacryoadenitis, Scleritis, Keratitis, Choroiditis, Retinitis, Chorioretinitis, Blepharitis, Conjunctivitis, Iritis, Uveitis) · ear (Otitis, Labyrinthitis, Mastoiditis) Cardiovascular Carditis (Endocarditis, Myocarditis, Pericarditis) · Vasculitis (Arteritis, Phlebitis, Capillaritis) Respiratory upper (Sinusitis, Rhinitis, Pharyngitis, Laryngitis) · lower (Tracheitis, Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis, Pneumonitis, Pleuritis) · Mediastinitis Digestive mouth (Stomatitis, Gingivitis, Gingivostomatitis, Glossitis, Tonsillitis, Sialadenitis/Parotitis, Cheilitis, Pulpitis, Gnathitis) · tract (Esophagitis, Gastritis, Gastroenteritis, Enteritis, Colitis, Enterocolitis, Duodenitis, Ileitis, Caecitis, Appendicitis, Proctitis) · accessory (Hepatitis, Cholangitis, Cholecystitis, Pancreatitis) · Peritonitis Integumentary Dermatitis (Folliculitis) · Cellulitis · Hidradenitis Musculoskeletal Arthritis · Dermatomyositis · soft tissue (Myositis, Synovitis/Tenosynovitis, Bursitis, Enthesitis, Fasciitis, Capsulitis, Epicondylitis, Tendinitis, Panniculitis) Osteochondritis: Osteitis (Spondylitis, Periostitis) · Chondritis Urinary Nephritis (Glomerulonephritis, Pyelonephritis) · Ureteritis · Cystitis · Urethritis Reproductive female: Oophoritis · Salpingitis · Endometritis · Parametritis · Cervicitis · Vaginitis · Vulvitis · Mastitis male: Orchitis · Epididymitis · Prostatitis · Balanitis · Balanoposthitis pregnancy/newborn: Chorioamnionitis · Omphalitis Endocrine Insulitis · Hypophysitis · Thyroiditis · Parathyroiditis · Adrenalitis Lymphatic Lymphangitis · Lymphadenitis

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