table

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Background

The table is a basic piece of household furniture. It generally consists of a flat top that is supported by either a set of legs, pillars, or trestles. The top may be made of stone, metal, wood, or a synthetic material such as a plastic. Tables may be subdivided by any one of a number of criteria, the most basic of which is whether the table is a fixed table or a mechanical table. A fixed table has a top that does not move in any way to expand or reduce in size for storage. The tops on fixed tables can be quite sizable and may be supported by a single column or pedestal. Mechanical tables have tops or legs that move, fold, drop, or in some way may be reconfigured in order to save space or make them more flexible. Mechanical tables include drop leaf tables, tilting tables, or those with legs that fold up or collapse if a mechanism is unlocked.

Tables are more commonly subdivided by other criteria such as the material from which they are made, the purpose for which they are constructed, the form they take, and the style of any added decoration. Style is an extremely important part of a table. The look of the table may vary as a result of many factors. These include changing stylistic preferences, advances in technology that make available different materials for the table or methods for its construction, and new table forms that are the result of new human activities or needs.

Tables purchased in this country are most frequently mass-produced from wood and can be made with minimal cabinetmaking skill. American-made tables may be made from native hardwoods such as maple, oak, or alder, or soft woods such as pine. American tables may be manufactured unfinished meaning without any stain or sealer or may be purchased ready-to-use in standard or custom finishes. Some table manufacture takes place in the home; these are considered custom or specially made pieces of furniture that must be constructed by a cabinet maker.

History

Until about the sixteenth century, when decorative and stylistically distinctive furniture became very important, tables were less frequently found than either the chair or the chest (which held clothing as a chest of drawers does today). However, there were tables in the ancient world. Different cultures made them of different materials. Egyptian tables were of wood or stone and resembled pedestals. It is said the Assyrians made them of metal. Pompeii and Herculaneum populaces had tables made with supporting members of marble.

Cathedrals in the Middle Ages used communion tables that stood on masonry or on a base of stone. Castles often included large, rectangular plank tables with the master of the castle in the center and the less important inhabitants or guests at right angles to him. More ordinary medieval tables that survive include simple wooden tables supported by plain side members. Early seventeenth century American tables were generally of the trestle type, with a plank top and vertical planks on the side. Some could be dismantled if more room was needed; many were just moved against the wall to provide space when the table was not in use.

Decoration became very important to the wealthy about the sixteenth century as well. Stylish furniture was ornately carved and included turnings made on foot-pedal lathes. Until the mid-seventeenth century most furniture was constructed by joiners who made furniture much as they made houses, with pegs, mortise and tenon construction, and massive members for supporting the slab tops. In the later seventeenth and eighteenth century the cabinetmaker began making fine furniture, creating sculptural pieces that were veneered, carved, and expertly joined including the use of interlocked dovetailing for strength.

In the early nineteenth century the machine enabled manufacturers to provide attractive furniture far less expensively. Wood was cut by water, steam, or electrical saws, machine sanded, machine incised and decorated, turned on machine lathes, and so forth. By 1890, all but the very poorest Americans could afford to purchase an inexpensive table and chairs. In the early twentieth century the table changed again, this time because new, unconventional materials were used in its construction such as laminate, plastic, and chipboard, making tables truly affordable for all. As new activities were enjoyed and embraced, tables changed form, too. Table forms that were invented in the past 200 years include the card tables, gaming tables, tea tables, dressing tables, diapering tables, and computer tables.

Raw Materials

Raw materials vary greatly according to the type of table under production. Unfinished pine table made in quantity in this country include pine planks that are called one-by-fours or one-by-sixes. (These are boards that were once truly 1 in [2.5 cm] thick by 4 in [10.1 cm] wide or 6 in [15 cm] wide but are now cut slightly smaller than that size today.) Other materials include water-resistant glue formulated from polyvinyl acetate. Hardware, including screws, vary according to the price point of the piece but are often steel. Most American table manufacturers are careful to obtain woods that are certified, meaning the manufacturer can prove that the trees were harvested legally from controlled forests grown specifically for the manufacture of furniture. Furthermore, furniture-grade wood is especially important in the construction of unfinished tables, in which the grain may not be covered with paint. Furniture-grade wood is virtually knot-free or clear; when there are small knots the company must be sure they can use the wood in a hidden area of the piece such as the back or inside a drawer. Drawer bottoms or sides may be of a plywood, engineered wood (pressed wood chips formed into sheet goods), or even masonite.

Design

The decoration and configuration of tables are fairly important in the unfinished furniture industry. Additive or incised decoration may be found on the table apron (a board which goes across the front of the table running from leg to leg and may hold the drawer front), or on the legs themselves. Painted decoration may be seen at any place on the table. The shape or form of table top, table legs, or the apron determines style and may be created by specialized machinery

While the high-end manufacturers of ready-to-use furniture spend a great deal of time and money on the design of their furniture, the unfinished furniture generally provides basic forms to the consumer. The unfinished table manufacturer surely cares about selling an attractive table, but it is not likely of the most stylish or innovative table shown at the important furnishings markets. Most larger furniture firms have a design director on staff whose job is to ferret out new designs for their market and work with the production managers to create these styles economically. These larger firms haunt malls, study the shelter and fashion magazines, and perform some audience assessment of taste and style preferences.

However, smaller firms, such as those who produce medium to low-price products, point out that unfinished goods may spend less money on the development of styles and decoration, preferring to offer basic tables and forms to the consumer. Some smaller firms may assign the task of developing new products and styles to the production manager. This manager works with staff designers to craft tables that can be manufactured using the equipment used in-house. Interestingly, some prefer to design tables for which parts can easily be interchanged, resulting in a wide array of products with little re-design. For example, a console table may have the same front and back apron and drawers as the coffee table but have a narrower top, sides, and longer legs. A Queen Anne-style coffee table may have cabriole (curved) legs while a Shaker-style coffee table may be identical except the legs are rectilinear and slightly tapered.

Designers or production directors generally keep their eye on current styles, assessing what is leading the market and what trends are infiltrating the target market. Generally, when a new style or form is suggested for production, a team of directors, including the director of sales and marketing, the director of manufacturing, and in-house designers assess the viability of the new design. If the design is approved, the director of manufacturing and the designer works with an operator who uses a computer-based design and drafting system such as AutoCAD. This operator works with the design on a computer and then inputs that information into the computer in order to produce that product on computer-driven machines. All staff members work together to devise the best way to get the new table form through the system, especially vigilant that the costs of the new table will not exceed the price point of the intended market and that no new machinery or manufacturing expertise will be necessary to produce the new product.

The new table must be made in prototype in order to evaluate how the product will go through the established system. In addition, the staff must physically examine the proposed new table for aesthetics and durability. The prototype is made using templates made on machines. Any changes to the prototype are made, the AutoCAD operator changes computer settings for templates, and the piece is ready for production once approved.

The Manufacturing
Process

1. The pine boards come into the factory fairly rough but cut to predetermined lengths that are then cut to shorter lengths using a power saw. The wood must stay in a carefully temperature and humidity-controlled room or the wood may swell (too much humidity) or shrink (very dry) and the piece will have cracks when finished. Temperatures must stay in the range of 50-85°F (10-29°C).
2. Workers gather up the pine lengths and spread water-resistant wood glue to the long edges of the planks where they join with other boards to make a table top. The planks are then clamped together with furniture clamps to ensure a tight bond and a sturdy top. Several dozens of the tops can be made at one time and must sit for at least one hour.
3. The raw table tops are then sent to wide belt-driven sanders that sand the planks down to take away extreme roughness and splinters.
4. Most tables have some sort of apron or vertical board just below the table top. The apron must be cut next. A computer numerically controlled (CNC) router cuts several aprons according to computer specifications. This router is especially suited to cutting sheet goods such as planks of wood. The shapes to be cut or routed are defined by the drawing programs such as AutoCAD. The information is transferred to a CAD/CAM program that allows the user to define the path of the router tool. When the tool path has been defined, the computer software allows a tap file to be made, which actually runs the tool over the wood or plank, cutting it into the desired shape. The router is able to create high quality routing and carving effects with uniform consistency and with very little wasted wood. The cut aprons are put into a cart and head to the assembly area.
5. The board tops, now glued and sanded, are sent to the CNC router and cut to the desired shape as well as described above.
6. The legs are shaped on a profiler. Before the legs are shaped an aluminum template must be cut on the CNC router. Once the template is cut, the metal template is put on the profiler, and a bearing guide follows the template in order to shape the table legs.
7. Legs with special stylish feet such as a pad foot are put into a chucker which acts like a giant pencil sharpener, shaping the stylish feet. The table tops and legs are put into carts and are sent to the assembly area as well.
8. If the table is to receive a drawer, then the front, sides, and bottom of the drawer are cut on the CNC router. The front is of pine, but the sides and the bottom of the drawer may be of inferior grade pine, plywood, or engineered wood. For the drawer front, a CNC router cuts a groove for the bottom and sides that will be inset into the back face of the drawer. The face is then flipped over, the grooves receive a coating of waterproof glue, and the bottom and sides are inserted into these tracks and may be nailed together using an automatic nailer for additional stability. The table is now ready for assembly.
9. Many unfinished furniture manufacturers do not ship their tables assembled as the shipping price increases wholesale costs significantly. Those that do not intend to assemble their products proceed to the final sanding before packaging. Companies that do assemble their products employ workers who examine a work order and pull the appropriate parts from the bins, then ready them for assembly. The assembly of the table is done by hand. This is the preferred method in many shops as a manufacturer may produce several tables with very similar parts, thus making it difficult for a machine to discern which parts were used on specific product numbers. Jigs or templates mark where the screws must go. They are laid on the table tops so the table may be screwed in place precisely.
10. The tables are given a final sanding using a hand sander. While this is a fairly careful sanding it is not considered a fine sanding or finish sanding as the company presumes that the consumer will spend time sanding the surface to close the grain, remove hand oils that prevent it from taking a good stain, and further reduce any mill marks.

Quality Control

Quality control is monitored at every step of production. Most storage rooms for wood raw materials stay between 50-85°F (10-29°C) and moderate humidity. The moisture content, known as MC in the trade, is the weight of water contained in the wood compared to the wood's oven-dry weight. This moisture content should never exceed 25% and ideally should stay around 12%. Most factories try to find one temperature and humidity and keep these constant so that the wood comes to an equilibrium moisture content. Temperature and humidity must be moderate to ensure that a product does not bend, crack, or warp after manufacture. Excessive humidity can result in the loosening and weakening of joints and even failure at the joint. In fact, most of the problems associated with wood in the manufacture of furniture are associated with dimensional changes or movement of the wood due to variation in humidity.

Everyone who assists with production is constantly performing visual checks of the wood. Wood is checked for cracks, knots, or discoloration that are unsightly or may weaken the piece structurally when boards are first chosen for the tops in the gluing process. Hand gluing and stapling of the drawer and hand assembly of the entire table helps ensure a strong, sturdy table. The jig is carefully placed on the table top and apron in order for the screws to be placed in the correct positions, further ensuring stability. Even after the tops are glued and sanded, they are checked again for flaws in the wood. Hand assemblers and hand sanders who come in at the end of the process give the table a visual examination as well. Finally, in packaging, the entire table is looked over, then sent to the warehouse for storage.

By products/Waste

Wood waste generated from the routing and profiling is gathered up and sent in quantity to the factory's "hog" which chops the waste into fine chips. A variety of companies, including remanufactured furniture factories, paper product producers and manufacturers who make particle board, chip board, and so forth may arrange to take away these small, processed chips.

The Future

Currently, the availability of North American woods for the production of unfinished tables is not a problem. Increasingly there is interest from the consumer that the pine used in such tables is certified, meaning it has been legally and carefully harvested and is not a foreign rain forest product. Labor costs for the production of such pieces is not prohibitive and the abandonment of furniture production in this country is not likely in the immediate future. However, stylish, inexpensive, already finished tables of imported wood such parawood are proving to be challenges for some of these manufacturers. As Americans become more concerned about using these foreign woods it may be that these tables, particularly computer tables, will not sell well. However, their price points may be so competitive that the use of certified woods may be deemed unimportant.

Where to Learn More

Books

Krill, Rosemary Troy, and Pauline K. Eversmann. Early American Decorative Arts, 1620-1860. Walnut Creek, CA: 2000.

Other

"Quality Control in Furniture Manufacture: Moisture Content." December 2001. <http://www.mtc.com.my/publication/library/quality/content.html>.

Oral interview with Roger Shinn, Director of Production for Westview Products. Dallas, Oregon. July 2001.

[Article by: Nancy EV Bryk]

(1) A collection of adjacent fields of data. Also called an "array," tables may permanently reside in a program or be stored on disk and read at runtime. They may remain static (unchanged) or be dynamically updated. For example, tables in a disk's file system are continuously updated as data are written into the sectors (see FAT and MFT). See table lookup, decision table and HTML table.

(2) A collection of records (a file) in a relational database. See DBMS and file.

Download Computer Desktop Encyclopedia to your PC, iPhone or Android.

noun

An orderly columnar display of data: chart, tabulation. See knowledge/ignorance.

verb

To put off until a later time: adjourn, defer¹, delay, hold off, hold up, postpone, remit, shelve, stay¹, suspend, waive. Informal wait. Idioms: put on ice. See do/not do.

1. A stringcourse or other horizontal band of some size and weight; a horizontal molding on the exterior or interior face of a wall.
2. A flat surface forming a distinct feature in a wall, generally rectangular and ornamented.
3. In medieval architecture, the frontal on the face of the altar.
4. A slab set horizontally and carried on supports.

table, 1

table, 2

LearnThatWord.com is a free vocabulary and spelling program where you only pay for results!

Tables usually represent social functions, such as dining together at a table, though tables can also represent work if one has a desk job or a job where one crafts objects on a table, for example. Tables in dreams can draw on meanings associated with the "head of the table," "a bare table," "the tables are turned," being paid "under the table," or "on the table."

1. a flat layer or surface, e.g. smooth surface on top of teeth especially on the incisors of the horse, used in telling the age of the horse.
2. a collection of related records in a data base.

• t. food — sometimes used to describe food from the owner's dining table that is fed to dogs and cats.
• hydraulic t. — used for surgery of large animals so it can be adjusted to the appropriate height and in some cases starting from floor level to accommodate animals anesthetized on the floor, then raised.
• inner t. — the inner compact layer of the bones covering the brain.
• instrument t. — used to arrange instruments for ready access by the surgeon and assistants. It often overhangs the surgery table.
• outer t. — the outer compact layer of the bones covering the brain.
• statistical t. — tables of values used in statistics, e.g. t-tables.
• t. ties — sterilizable nylon or cotton ropes that can be used to tie a recumbent, anesthetized dog or cat firmly to an operating table.
• vitreous t. — inner table.

• Tables and Desks - table: smooth, flat surface supported usu. by four legs
• Acts, Powers, Conditions, and Procedures - table: (vb) remove bill from consideration, usu. indefinitely; Chiefly Brit. place bill or motion on agenda

Structure of a typical table

A wooden dining table and chairs

A table is a form of furniture with a flat and satisfactory horizontal upper surface used to support objects of interest, for storage, show, and/or manipulation.^[1] The surface must be held stable; for reasons of simplicity, this is done by support from below by either a columnor "base" or at least three columnar "stands".

A table is also known as a bar, a bench, a board, a bureau, a desk, a lectern and a pulpit.^[2]

Common design elements include:

• rectangular, rounded, or semi-circular top surfaces
• legs arranged in two or more similar pairs
• several geometries of folding table that can be emptied and then collapsed into a smaller volume
• heights ranging up and down from the most common 18-to-30-inch range, often reflecting the height of chairs or bar stools used as seating for people making use of a table, as for eating or performing various manipulations of objects resting on a table
• presence or absence of drawers
• expansion of the surface by insertion of leaves or locking hinged drop leaf sections into horizontal position.

Desks are tables specifically intended for information-manipulation tasks, including writing and use of interactive electronics.

Contents 1 Etymology 2 Shape, height, and function 2.1 Types of table 3 History 4 See also 5 Footnotes 6 Further reading 7 External links

Etymology

The term "table" is derived from a merger of French table and Old English tabele, ultimately from the Latin word tabula, "a board, plank, flat top piece". In Late Latin, tabula took over the meaning previously reserved to mensa (preserved in Spanish and Portuguese mesa "table"). In Old English, the word was bord, replaced by "table" for this meaning.^[3]

Shape, height, and function

A formally laid table set with a dinner service

Tables come in a wide variety of materials, shapes, and heights, that depends on their origin, style, and intended use. All tables are composed of a flat surface and a base with one or more supports, or legs. A glass dining table with a single, central foot is a pedestal table. Tables can be freestanding or designed for placement against a wall (a console table). Table tops can be in virtually any shape, although rectangular, square, round (e.g., the round table), and oval tops are the most frequent. Long tables often have extra legs for support. Others have higher surfaces for personal use while either standing or sitting on a tall stool.

Many tables have tops that can be adjusted to change their height, position, shape or size, either with foldable extensions or sliding parts that can alter the shape of the top. Some tables are entirely foldable for easy transportation, e.g., camping. Small tables in trains and aircraft may be fixed or foldable, although many are simply convenient shelves rather than tables.

Types of table

A chess table with a chessboard built into its top

A combination of a table with two benches (picnic table) as often seen at camping sites and other outdoor facilities

A chic table in an Iranian palace

Tables of various shapes, colours, heights and sizes are designed for specific uses:

• A bedside table, nightstand, or night table.^[4]

is a small table used in a bedroom. It is often used for convenient placement of a small lamp, alarm clock, glasses, or other personal items.

• A drawing table^[5]usually has a top that can be tilted for making a large or technical drawing. It might have a ruler or similar element integrated.
• A gateleg table.^[6]

has one or two hinged leaves supported by hinged legs.

• A coffee table ^[7] is a low table designed for use in a living room, in front of a sofa, for convenient placement of drinks, books, or other personal items.
• A chess table ^[8] is a type of games table that integrates a chessboard.
• A refectory table ^[9] is a long table designed to seat many people for meals.
• A dining room table^[10] is a table designed to be used for formal dining.

A modern Brazilian stainless steel table made with FSC-certified eucalyptus

Historically, various types of tables have been popular for other uses:

• Tripod tables were very popular during the 18th and 19th centuries as candlestands, tea tables, or small dining tables. Their typically round tops often had a tilting mechanism. The folding top enabled them to be stored out of the way (e.g., in room corners) when not in use. A further development in this direction was the "birdcage" table, the top of which could both revolve and tilt.
• Pembroke tables were first introduced during the 18th century and were popular throughout the 19th century. Their main characteristic was a rectangular or oval top with folding or drop leaves on each side. Most examples have one or more drawers and four legs sometimes connected by stretchers. Their design meant they could easily be stored or moved about and conveniently opened for serving tea, dining, writing, or other occasional uses.
• Sofa tables are similar to Pembroke tables and usually have longer and narrower tops. They were specifically designed for placement directly in front of sofas for serving tea, writing, dining, or other convenient uses. Generally speaking, a sofa table is a tall, narrow table used behind a sofa to hold lamps or decorative objects.
• Work tables were small tables designed to hold sewing materials and implements, providing a convenient work place for women who sewed. They appeared during the 18th century and were popular throughout the 19th century. Most examples have rectangular tops, sometimes with folding leaves, and usually one or more drawers fitted with partitions. Early examples typically have four legs, often standing on casters, while later examples sometimes have turned columns or other forms of support.
• Drum tables are round tables introduced for writing, with drawers around the platform.
• End tables are small tables typically placed beside couches or armchairs. Often lamps will be placed on an end table.
• Billiards tables are bounded tables on which billiards-type games are played. All provide a flat surface, usually composed of slate and covered with cloth, elevated above the ground.
• Table tennis tables are usually masonite or a similar timber, layered with a smooth low-friction coating. It is divided into two halves by a low net, which separates opposing players.
• Poker tables are used to play poker.

History

Roman richly ornate legs

Some very early tables were made and used by the Egyptians, and were little more than stone platforms used to keep objects off the floor. They were not used for seating people. Food and drinks were usually put on large plates deposed on a pedestal for eating. The Egyptians made use of various small tables and elevated playing boards. The Chinese also created very early tables in order to pursue the arts of writing and painting.

The Greeks and Romans made more frequent use of tables, notably for eating, although Greek tables were pushed under a bed after use. The Greeks invented a piece of furniture very similar to the guéridon. Tables were made of marble or wood and metal (typically bronze or silver alloys), sometimes with richly ornate legs. Later, the larger rectangular tables were made of separate platforms and pillars. The Romans also introduced a large, semicircular table to Italy, the mensa lunata.

Furniture during the Middle Ages is not as well known as that of earlier or later periods, and most sources show the types used by the nobility. In the Eastern Roman Empire, tables were made of metal or wood, usually with four feet and frequently linked by x-shaped stretchers. Tables for eating were large and often round or semicircular. A combination of a small round table and a lectern seemed very popular as a writing table.^[11] In western Europe, the invasions and internecine wars caused most of the knowledge inherited from the classical era to be lost. As a result of the necessary movability, most tables were simple trestle tables, although small round tables made from joinery reappeared during the 15th century and onward. In the Gothic era, the chest became widespread and was often used as a table.

Refectory tables first appeared at least as early as the 16th century, as an advancement of the trestle table; these tables were typically quite long and wide and capable of supporting a sizeable banquet in the great hall or other reception room of a castle.

See also

• Picnic table
• Kitchen table
• Table tennis
• TV tray table

Footnotes

1. ^ "Table". Merriam-Webster. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/table/. Retrieved 2012-18-05. 
2. ^ "Table". Thesaurus.com. http://thesaurus.com/browse/table++?s=t/. Retrieved 2012-18-05. 
3. ^ Etymonline
4. ^ "Nightstand". The Free Dictionary By Farlex. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/night+table/. Retrieved 2012-18-05. 
5. ^ "Drawing table". The Free Dictionary By Farlex. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/drawing+table/. Retrieved 2012-18-05. 
6. ^ "Gateleg table". The Free Dictionary By Farlex. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/gateleg+table/. Retrieved 2012-18-05. 
7. ^ "Coffee table". The Free Dictionary By Farlex. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/coffee+table/. Retrieved 2012-18-05. 
8. ^ "Chess table". The Free Dictionary By Farlex. 
9. ^ "Refectory table". The Free Dictionary By Farlex. 
10. ^ [http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/dining+room / "Dining Room"]. The Free Dictionary By Farlex. http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/dining+room /. Retrieved 2012-18-05. 
11. ^ Heyward, p20

Further reading

• Davidson, Richard (2000). Miller's Antiques Checklist: Furniture. Miller's. ISBN 1-84000-277-8. 
• (French) Heyward, Helena (1980). Grande Encyclopédie Illustrée des Meubles. Paris: Flammarion. ISBN 2-85961-073-1. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tables

• History of Table
• Antike Tisch-Kultur.de (German) - Galleries of ancient tables
• [1] - Pembroke table

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Dansk (Danish)
n. - bord, tavle, plade, plateau
v. tr. - fremlægge, lægge på bordet

idioms:

• league table    liga
• on the table    på bordet
• table d'hote    dagens menu, dagens ret
• table linen    borddug og servietter
• table manners    bordskik
• table of contents    indholdsfortegnelse
• table talk    bordkonversation
• table tennis    bordtennis
• table wine    bordvin
• Tables of the Law    stentavlernes Ti Bud
• turn the tables    få overtaget, få herredømmet
• under the table    under bordet

Nederlands (Dutch)
tafel, dis, tabel, klassement, kroonlijst, plateau (geografie), helft/kwadrant van backgammonbord, hand van de dummy (bridge), voorstellen, ter tafel brengen, opschorten, in een tabel opnemen

Français (French)
n. - table, tableau, (Math) table, (Sport) classement, (Géog) plateau, (Hist) table
v. tr. - présenter, soumettre au débat, (US) ajourner

idioms:

• league table    classement
• on the table    (fig, GB) avancer (proposition), (US) ajourner
• table d'hôte    à prix fixe
• table linen    linge de table
• table manners    bonnes manières à table
• table of contents    table des matières
• table talk    propos de table
• table tennis    tennis de table, ping-pong
• table wine    vin de table
• Tables of the Law    les Tables de la Loi (Bible)
• turn the tables    renverser les rôles (aux dépens de qn)
• under the table    (fig) (faire qch) sous le manteau, (bien tenir) l'alcool

Deutsch (German)
n. - Tisch, Tafel, Tabelle, Runde, Plateau
v. - auf den Tisch legen, vorlegen, auf Eis legen, Segel durch Stoßlappen verstärken, in eine Tabelle eintragen

idioms:

• league table    Rangliste
• on the table    auf dem Tisch, zur Diskussion
• table d'hôte    a la Carte, nach der Speisekarte
• table linen    Tischleinen
• table manners    Tischmanieren
• table of contents    Inhaltsverzeichnis
• table talk    Tischgespräch
• table tennis    Tischtennis
• table wine    Tischwein
• Tables of the Law    die Gesetzestafeln
• turn the tables    den Spieß umkehren
• under the table    unter dem/den Tisch, (ugs.) stockbesoffen, unter dem Ladentisch

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - τραπέζι, πλάκα, κατάλογος, πίνακας, κατάσταση, (γεωγρ.) οροπέδιο, υψίπεδο
v. - φέρω προς συζήτηση, θέτω επί τάπητος (στη Βουλή), συνοψίζω σε πίνακα

idioms:

• league table    βαθμολογικός πίνακας, βαθμολογία ομάδων
• on the table    που έχει υποβληθεί προς συζήτηση
• table d'hote    καθορισμένο ή υποχρεωτικό εδεσματολόγιο, ταμπλ ντ'οτ
• table linen    τραπεζομάντιλα και πετσέτες φαγητού
• table manners    καλοί τρόποι φαγητού
• table of contents    πίνακας περιεχομένων
• table talk    συζήτηση συνδαιτυμόνων, (μτφ.) ψιλοκουβέντα, κουβεντολόι
• table tennis    επιτραπέζια αντισφαίριση (κν. πινγκ-πονγκ)
• table wine    επιτραπέζιο κρασί
• Tables of the Law    (εβρ.) Πλάκες του Νόμου
• turn the tables    ανατρέπω την κατάσταση
• under the table    λαθραία, υπογείως, μεθυσμένος μετά το γεύμα

Italiano (Italian)
intavolare, tavola, tabella, classifica

idioms:

• league table    classifica
• on the table    in tavola
• table d'hote    a prezzo fisso
• table manners    buone maniere a tavola
• table of contents    indice
• table talk    conversazione familiare
• table tennis    ping pong
• table wine    vino da tavola
• turn the tables    rovesciare le posizioni
• under the table    sotto banco

Português (Portuguese)
n. - mesa (f), tabela (f), índice (m), sumário (m), tabuada (f)
v. - pôr na mesa (carta de jogar etc.), adiar (projeto de lei etc.), fazer tabela, lista etc.

idioms:

• league table    mesa de conversações
• on the table    em discussão, em consideração
• table d'hote    mesa redonda, refeição a preço fixo no cardápio, banquete em restaurante para convidados
• table linen    roupa de mesa
• table manners    modos à mesa
• table of contents    índice, sumário
• table talk    conversa à mesa
• table tennis    tênis de mesa, pingue-pongue
• table wine    vinho de mesa
• Tables of the Law    as tábuas da lei (Ecles.)
• turn the tables    inverter as posições, virar o feitiço contra o feiticeiro
• under the table    às escondidas, bêbedo (esp. após o jantar)

Русский (Russian)
Стол, столик (в ресторане), перечень, составленный в форме колонок (таблица), таблица умножения (12х12), Внести (поправку, предложение)

idioms:

• league table    сравнительная таблица (особенно спортклубов)
• on the table    Презентация темы для обсуждения на заседании
• table d'hote    Табльдот
• table linen    Столовое белье
• table manners    Умение вести себя за столом
• table of contents    Содержание (книги), оглавление
• table talk    Застольная беседа
• table tennis    Настольный теннис, пинг-понг
• table wine    Столовое вино
• Tables of the Law    Скрижали закона
• turn the tables    Побить противника его же оружием
• under the table    нелегально, скрытно

Español (Spanish)
n. - mesa, bancada, meseta, tabla, tablero, cuadro
v. tr. - poner sobre el tapete

idioms:

• league table    tabla de clasificación de la liga
• on the table    sobre el tapete
• table d'hôte    mesa redonda, cubierto (de fonda)
• table linen    mantelería
• table manners    modales en la mesa
• table of contents    índice
• table talk    conversación de sobremesa
• table tennis    ping-pong, tenis de mesa
• table wine    vino de mesa
• Tables of the Law    las Tablas de la Ley, la Tabla original de los Diez Mandamientos fue hecha en piedra
• turn the tables    volver las tornas, voltear posiciones
• under the table    completamente borracho, por el suelo, por debajo cuerda

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - bord, platta, tabell
v. - lägga fram, bordlägga, göra upp en tabell

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
桌子, 工作台, 餐桌, 把...放在桌上, 提出, 搁置, 把...列入议事日程

idioms:

• on the table    在桌面上, 公开地
• table d'hote    客饭, 公司餐, 桌菜
• table linen    餐布
• table manners    饭桌礼仪
• table of contents    目录
• table talk    席间闲谈
• table tennis    桌球, 乒乓球
• table wine    进餐时喝的淡酒
• Tables of the Law    律法书
• turn the tables    扭转局面, 转败为胜
• under the table    偷偷地, 酒醉

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 桌子, 工作臺, 餐桌
v. tr. - 把...放在桌上, 提出, 擱置, 把...列入議事日程

idioms:

• on the table    在桌面上, 公開地
• table d'hote    客飯, 公司餐, 桌菜
• table linen    餐布
• table manners    飯桌禮儀
• table of contents    目錄
• table talk    席間閒談
• table tennis    桌球, 乒乓球
• table wine    進餐時喝的淡酒
• Tables of the Law    律法書
• turn the tables    扭轉局面, 轉敗為勝
• under the table    偷偷地, 酒醉

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 테이블, 탁자, 수공대, 위원회, 평지, 목록
v. tr. - 탁자에 놓다, 묵살하다, 무기 연기하다

idioms:

• turn the tables    국면을 일변 시키다
• under the table    곤드레 만드레 한, 심하게 취한

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - テーブル, 仕事台, 台状の墓石, 列座の人びと, 委員, 食卓, 食べ物, 画板絵画, 版, 表, 平面, 平板, 高原, 食事, 一覧表
v. - 食事を出す, 棚上げにする
adj. - テーブルの, 食卓の

idioms:

• multiplication table    掛け算の表, 九九表
• negotiating table    交渉の場
• on the table    審議中である
• operating table    手術台
• put/lay the cards on the table    手の内を見せる
• table d'hote    定食
• table linen    食卓用リネン
• table manners    食事の作法, テーブルマナー, 食卓の作法
• table of contents    目次
• table talk    食卓での雑談, 有名人の会話
• table tennis    卓球
• table wine    テーブルワイン

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) طاوله (فعل) يرتب على صورة جدول‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮מזון, מסובים, סעודה, שולחן ערוך, שולחן, רמה, לוח הכפל, טבלה, לוח, פאה (של יהלום)‬
v. tr. - ‮הניח על השולחן, דחה לעתיד, ליווח, ערך בלוחות, הביא לדיון, חיזק (שולי מפרש)‬

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