Observant Jews recite a prayer called the Shema first thing in the morning - the Torah says to do so "when you lie down, and when you rise up." It is often recited at first light, when colours can first be seen, prior to sunrise.
At the synagogue, other prayers are also said - birkot ha-shachar or morning blessings, including blessings said over the Torah; kaddish de-rabbanan or rabbi's kiddush; Pesukei D'Zimrah or verses of praise, which is made up of blessings, psalms and prayers; Barechu, the call to prayer, involving more blessings; Amidah, a series of 19 blessings; and the Tachanun, supplications (the latter is often omitted by Reform synagogues).
The full morning's prayers are known as the Shacharit.