Tacna

Tacna San Pedro de Tacna
Main square
Flag Coat of arms
Nickname(s): La Ciudad Heroica (The Heroic City)
Tacna
Coordinates: 18°03′20″S 70°14′54″W / 18.05556°S 70.24833°W / -18.05556; -70.24833
Country	Peru
Region	Tacna Region
Province	Tacna Province
District	Tacna District
Government
• Mayor	Ing. Fidel Carita Monroy (2011-2014)
Elevation	552 m (1,811 ft)
Population
• Total	242,451
Time zone	PET (UTC-5)
Website	www.munitacna.gob.pe

San Pedro de Tacna (English: Saint Peter of Tacna), or simply Tacna, is a city in southern Peru and the regional capital of the Tacna Region. It is located on the border with Chile, inland from the Pacific Ocean and in the valley of the Caplina River. Tacna is a very commercially active city, located only 35 km (22 mi) north of the border with Chile.

Initially called San Pedro de Tacna, it has gained a reputation for patriotism, with many monuments and streets named after heroes of Peru's struggle for independence (1821–1824) and the War of the Pacific (1879–1883). Residents of Tacna are known in Spanish as tacneños.

History

Francisco Antonio De Zela, a royal accountant (similar in function to a modern-day income tax auditor), initiated the push for Peruvian Independence from Spain in 1811 in Tacna, leading to a series of commemorative actions for the city, culminating in the 1828 declaration of Tacna as the "Heroic City" (La Heroica Ciudad de San Pedro de Tacna) by President José de La Mar.

It was the capital of the short-lived Peru-Bolivian Confederation (1836–1839)

Tacna's economic prosperity attracted a wave of immigrants from Italy.^{[citation needed]} Today, their Italian Peruvian descendants live in the city and many of them still have Italian surnames. This era of successful commerce and agriculture ended drastically with the start of the War of the Pacific.

During the war, the cities of Tacna and Arica were invaded by the Chilean Army. A peace agreement, the Treaty of Ancón, was signed in 1883. Under the terms of the treaty, Chile was to occupy the provinces of Tacna and Arica for ten years, after which a plebiscite was to be held to determine the region's sovereignty. Tacna remained under Chilean control for 50 years, in which they implemented a campaign of "Chilenization" in an attempt to persuade the local population to abandon their Peruvian past and accept Chilean nationality.

However, Peruvian nationalists ensured that the Chilean propaganda failed and the planned plebiscite was never held. Finally, in 1929, an accord was reached by which Chile kept Arica, whilst Peru reacquired Tacna and receiving $6 million indemnity and other concessions.

Arco Parabólico, Pileta and Glorieta de Tacna, located in the Av. San Martín

Monument to the Battle of Tacna in the Alto de la Alianza.

Coctel Mercado Viejo

Today, Tacna is a mostly commercial city with many immigrants from the Puno Region living there. Its economy is based on mercantile activities with the north of Chile (Arica and Iquique). Since it is part of a duty free zone, Tacna has come to rival Arequipa as southern Peru's main business area. The city has one of the largest artifact markets in the world with imports from Japan and China, and traditional Peruvian handicrafts.

Geography

Climate

Tacna has a mild desert climate (BWn, according to the Köppen climate classification).

Transport

Rail

Tacna is served by a cross-border standard gauge railway to Arica, Chile.

It is also the location of the National Railway Museum of Peru.^[1]

Air

Tacna is served by the Crnl. FAP. Carlos Ciriani Santa Rosa International Airport, with flights to Lima.

Tourist attractions

Many monuments are located in this city, including the arch of the Alto de la Alianza, which shows the significance of this town.

Other monuments include a neo-Renaissance Cathedral, the Alameda Bolognesi Walkway and the caves of Toquepala, where archaeologists have found some of the oldest human remains in Peru.

Festivities

The most important festivity in the city is the Semana de Tacna ("Tacna Week"), which runs from August 25–30.

On August 28, a large Peruvian flag is shown throughout the city during the Paseo de la Bandera, which celebrates the anniversary of the reincorporation of Tacna into Peruvian sovereignty and is one of the most important patriotic demonstrations in the whole country. This tradition started in 1901, during the Chilean occupation of Tacna, by a group of tacneños who defied the prohibition of showing Peruvian flags imposed by the Chilean authorities.

There is an agrarian and industrial fair as part of these celebrations.

In September, the festival of the Señor de Locumba is celebrated, which draws thousands of faithful people from all over the world.

Religion

The major religion in Tacna is Catholicism but, in 2008 the first mosque in Peru was completed in Tacna, the Mosque Bab ul Islam founded by Pakistani immigrants.

See also

• 2001 southern Peru earthquake
• the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tacna y Moquegua

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tacna

• (Spanish) Official website
• (English) NewsPaper Digital Tacna - Perú
•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). "Tacna". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 
• (English) TACNA VIRTUAL.COM

Coordinates: 18°03′20″S 70°14′54″W / 18.05556°S 70.24833°W / -18.05556; -70.24833