Tammi Terrell

singer

Personal Information

Born Thomasina Montgomery on April 29, 1945, in Philadelphia, PA; daughter of Thomas (a barbershop owner) and Jennie Montgomery (a former actress); died on March 16, 1970, in Philadelphia, PA; may have been briefly married to Ernie Terrell (a heavyweight boxer), 1965.
Education: University of Pennsylvania, attended, c. 1964.

Career

Started winning local talent contests as a girl, and was regularly opening club dates for acts including Gary "U.S." Bonds and Patti LaBelle & the Blue Belles by age 13; recorded debut single, "If You See Bill," for Scepter/Wand Records as Tammy Montgomery, 1961; released follow-up single, "The Voice of Experience," 1962; signed to James Brown's Try Me label; released "I Cried," and toured with Brown's live revue, 1963; "If I Would Marry You" released on Checker, 1964; released "I Can't Believe You Love Me" on Motown, 1965; paired with Marvin Gaye; Gaye and Terrell entered the pop Top 20 chart with the "Ain't No Mountain High Enough," and scored a Top Five hit with "Your Precious Love," 1967; topped R&B charts with "Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing" and "You're All I Need to Get By," 1968; health issues forced her to cease performing live, though she continued to record with Gaye.

Life's Work

Though her promising singing career was cut short by a fatal brain tumor, Tammi Terrell scored some of the biggest hits released by the Motown record label in the 1960s. As one-half of Motown's most successful male-female recording duo with her recording partner, Marvin Gaye, Terrell became one of the unforgettable voices of 1960s pop. Terrell may not have boasted one of the strong soul voices of the era, but it conveyed a heartache that lent itself to some of the era's most memorable love songs, including "Ain't No Mountain High Enough," "Your Precious Love," "Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing," and "You're All I Need to Get By."

Terrell was born Thomasina Montgomery, the first daughter of Jennie, a former actress, and Thomas, a barbershop owner, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on April 29, 1945. She began singing and winning talent contests at Philadelphia's Earle Theater at age 11, and was opening club shows for such headliners as Gary "U.S." Bonds and Patti LaBelle & the Blue Belles by the time she was 13 years old. Discovered at age 15 by producer Luther Dixon, Terrell was signed to New York's Scepter/Wand record label. Under the moniker Tammy Montgomery, she made her debut on Scepter with the single "If You See Bill," in 1961, which was followed in 1962 by "The Voice of Experience."

After the "Godfather of Soul" saw her perform live, Terrell recorded on James Brown's Try Me label in 1963. She released the single "I Cried" on Try Me in 1963 and toured with the James Brown Revue. It has been suggested that Brown claimed the two were romantically involved and that she left the tour because of her parents' objections. She released "If I Would Marry You" on the Checker record label a year later. She also took premedical school courses at the University of Pennsylvania for two years during this time.

1965 was a banner year for the young artist. She briefly married and assumed the surname of heavyweight boxer Ernie Terrell, the brother of Jean Terrell, a future member of Motown supergroup, the Supremes. Some reports claim that she did not marry Ernie Terrell and only took his name as a convenient stage name. Later that year, Berry Gordy Jr., head of Motown records, caught Terrell performing live in Detroit with Jerry Butler. Gordy signed Terrell to Motown and she made her label debut with the single "I Can't Believe You Love Me." She followed up with a series of "nothing-special" singles, according to author Don Waller in The Motown Story, including "Come On and See Me," "This Old Heart of Mine (Is Weak for You)," and "Hold Me Oh My Darling," but was not able to score a breakout hit for the legendary Detroit record label.

Terrell's hit-making luck changed in 1967, when she was chosen to replace Kim Weston as Marvin Gaye's recording partner. Though Gaye had previously recorded with Mary Wells as well as Weston, he and Terrell found a chemistry that neither of them had experienced before. "If you watch the videos of Tammi Terrell and Marvin Gaye, you can see how spirited she was," Susan Whithall, author of Women of Motown, told Hour Detroit magazine. "She was a real ball of fire, while Marvin was this laid-back, beautiful man." The duo broke into the Top 20 pop chart in 1967 with "Ain't No Mountain High Enough." The twosome's string of hits continued with "If I Could Build My Whole World Around You," "Your Precious Love," which landed in the Top Five in 1967, "Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing," and "You're All I Need to Get By," which topped the R&B charts in 1968.

The Terrell-Gaye chemistry produced some of the most memorable love songs of the Motown era, and the aura of romance that the two created in their songs "led to persistent rumors that they were lovers," according to the Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Though the partnership was creatively and professionally successful, Terrell and Gaye were doomed as a team from the start. After suffering from severe migraine headaches for some time, Terrell collapsed in Gaye's arms during a 1967 concert. Doctors first diagnosed exhaustion, but later discovered a brain tumor. Terrell underwent as many as eight operations over the next few years, but her condition continued to worsen.

Although her health prevented her from performing live with Gaye, Terrell continued to record with him. Writer and producer Valerie Simpson has stirred up a controversy by claiming that she sung in Terrell's place on several of the duo's final recordings, including "Good Lovin' Ain't Easy to Come By" and "What You Gave Me," both released in 1969, and "The Onion Song," which was released posthumously and became one of their biggest U.K. hits. To create several other tracks, Gaye recorded vocals over previously recorded Terrell singles.

Terrell died at age 24 in Philadelphia, on March 16, 1970. Her burial at Mount Lawn Cemetery in Sharon Hill, Pennsylvania, near Philadelphia International Airport, drew thousands of mourners, and many of her Motown colleagues were in attendance. Speculation and rumors abounded following her death. Accusations were brought to light by former Gaye assistant Elaine Jesmer, whose novel, Number One With a Bullet, featured a character obviously based on Terrell and suggested that the singer's brain disorders were a result of beatings at the hand of a Motown executive or from ex-Temptation David Ruffin. Terrell's passing profoundly affected Gaye, and he ceased touring and working for three years after her death. In his biography, Divided Soul, Gaye wrote, "Tammi was the victim of the violent side of love--at least that's how it felt. I have no ... knowledge of what really killed her, but it was a deep vibe, as though she was dying for everyone who couldn't find love."

Works

Selected discography

• Solo
• Early Show, 1969.
• Irresistible, Motown, 1969.
• With Marvin Gaye
• United, Motown, 1968.
• You're All I Need, Motown, 1968.
• Easy, Motown, 1969.
• Marvin Gaye & Tammi Terrell: Greatest Hits, Motown, 1970.

Further Reading

Books

• Larkin, Colin, editor, Encyclopedia of Popular Music, Muze UK Ltd., 1998.
• Waller, Don, The Motown Story, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1985.

Periodicals

• Hour Detroit (Detroit, Michigan), May 1998, p. 33.

Online

• All Music Guide, http://www.allmusic.com (September 24, 2001).
• Ritchie's Cellar of Soul, http://www.ritchie-hardin.com/soul/tammi.html (September 24, 2001).
• Soul Music Store, http://www.soulmusicstore.com/EYS-TammiT.htm (September 24, 2001).
• Tammi Terrell Tribute Page, http://www.tammiterrell.com/tammi.html (September 24, 2001).

— Brenna Sanchez

See Tammi Terrell Lyrics

• Born: April 29, 1945, Philadelphia, PA
• Died: March 16, 1970, Philadelphia, PA
• Active: '60s
• Genres: Rhythm & Blues
• Instrument: Vocals
• Representative Albums: "The Essential Collection," "The Story of Tammi Terrell," "Marvin Gaye & Tammi Terrell: Greatest Hits"
• Representative Songs: "Ain't Nothing Like the Real T," "Ain't No Mountain High Enough," "You're All I Need to Get By"

Biography

Singer Tammi Terrell joined forces with the immortal Marvin Gaye to create some of the greatest love songs ever to emerge from the Motown hit factory; sadly, their series of classic duets -- "Ain't No Mountain High Enough," "Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing," and "You're All I Need to Get By" among them -- came to an abrupt and tragic halt with her premature death. Terrell was born Thomasina Montgomery in Philadelphia on April 29, 1945; after winning a number of local talent contests, by the age of 13 she was regularly opening club dates for acts including Gary "U.S." Bonds and Patti LaBelle & the Bluebelles. In 1961, she was discovered by producer Luther Dixon and signed to Scepter. Credited as Tammy Montgomery, she made her debut with the single "If You See Bill," followed early the next year by "The Voice of Experience." After James Brown caught Terrell's live act, she was signed to his Try Me label, issuing "I Cried" in 1963 and also touring with his live revue. "If I Would Marry You" appeared on Checker a year later, during which time she also studied pre-med at the University of Pennsylvania.

While performing with Jerry Butler in Detroit in 1965, Terrell was spotted by Motown chief Berry Gordy, Jr., making her label debut with "I Can't Believe You Love Me." When subsequent outings "Come On and See Me," "This Old Heart of Mine (Is Weak for You)," and "Hold Me Oh My Darling" earned little notice, she was paired with Gaye, who previously recorded duets with Mary Wells and Kim Weston. His chemistry with Terrell was immediate and in 1967, they entered the pop Top 20 with the magnificent "Ain't No Mountain High Enough," the first in a series of lush, sensual hits authored by the husband-and-wife team of Nickolas Ashford and Valerie Simpson. "Your Precious Love" cracked the Top Five a few months later and in 1968, the twosome topped the R&B charts with both "Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing" and "You're All I Need to Get By." The success of these later hits was nevertheless tempered by Terrell's off-stage travails -- after an extended period of severe migraine headaches, in 1967 she collapsed in Gaye's arms while in concert at Virginia's Hampton-Sydney College, and was diagnosed with a brain tumor.

Although the tumor forced Terrell to retire from performing live, she continued to record with Gaye even as her health deteriorated; however, as time went on, Valerie Simpson herself assumed uncredited vocal duties on a number of hits, including 1969's "Good Lovin' Ain't Easy to Come By" and "What You Gave Me." (For several other tracks, Gaye's vocals were added to pre-existing Terrell solo recordings.) In all, Terrell endured eight operations, ultimately resulting in loss of memory and partial paralysis; she finally died in Philadelphia on March 16, 1970. Gaye was so devastated by her decline and eventual passing that he retired from the road for three years; her loss also contributed greatly to the spiritual turmoil which informed his 1971 masterpiece What's Going On. At the time of her death, Tammi Terrell was just 24 years old. ~ Jason Ankeny, All Music Guide

Essential Collection Buy this CD

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