The legal maxims of Islamic Jurisprudence (Al-Qawa`id Al-Fiqhiyyah) which are treated by many of scholars as the maqasid (or goals and objectives) literature, are statements of principles that are derived from the detailed reading of the rules of fiqhon various themes. These detailed expositions enabled the jurists, at a later stage of development, to reduce them into abstract statements of principles. The actual wordings of the maxims are occasionally taken from the Qur'an or Sunnah but are more often the work of leading jurists (fuqaha') that have subsequently been refined by others throughout the ages. It has often been a matter of currency and usage that the wordings of certain maxims are taken to greater refinement and perfection.http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Special:Wysiwyg?tid=wysiwyg#_ftn1 The legal maxims are designed to facilitate a better understanding of the Shari'ah and their development in a general sense is parallel with that of the fiqh itself. These were developed mainly during the era of imitation (taqlid), as they are in the nature of extraction (takhrij) of guidelines from the detailed literature of fiqh that were contributed during the first three centuries of Islamic scholarship.http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Special:Wysiwyg?tid=wysiwyg#_ftn2

Special:WysiwygKamali , M. Hashim,.1998. "Maqasid Al-Shariah: The Objectives of Islamic Law", Newsletter of the Association of Muslim Lawyers and the Islamic Foundation's Legal Studies Unit, vol.3, issue 1, April-June. pp.13-19.

Special:WysiwygIbid.

Caliph is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. It is an Anglicized/Latinized version of the Arabic word خليفة or Khalīfah, which means "successor", that is, successor to the Muhammad. Some Orientalists wrote the title as Khalîf. The Caliph has often been referred to as Ameer al-Mumineen (أمير المؤمنين), or "Prince of the Faithful," where "Prince" is used in the context of "commander." The title has been defunct since the abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate in 1924.

Ayatollah (Arabic: آية الله; Persian: آیت‌الله) is a high title given to major Shia clergymen. The word means 'sign of God', and those who carry the title are experts in Islamic studies such as jurisprudence, ethics, philosophy and mysticism, and usually teach in schools (hawza) of Islamic sciences. Ayatollahs can reach the position of an Marja-e-Taqlid, which allows them to issue fatāwa (plural of "fatwa"). Also see The Grand Ayatollah.

Mullah or Mawlana are Islamic clergy who have studied the Qur'an and the Hadith and are considered experts on related religious matters in this religion. The term Mullah is a variation of the word mawla(means master or lord) and Mawlana is its derivative (means my lord) and are used mainly in Central Asia and in the Sub-Continent .

Muezzin (the word is pronounced this way Turkish, Urdu, etc.; in Arabic: مؤذن [IPA: mʊʔæðːın) is any person at the mosque who makes the adhan (call to prayer) to Friday service and the five daily prayers, or Salah. Some mosques have specific places for the adhan to be made from, such as a minaret or a designated area in the mosque.

Sahib is a denoting an Islamic leader held in high regard by one or more other Muslims. The term is used almost exclusively in the sub-continent area. The term is Arabic in origin and can be translated as lord, master, or friend