tarnish

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(tär'nĭsh) pronunciation

v., -nished, -nish·ing, -nish·es.

v.tr.
  1. To dull the luster of; discolor, especially by exposure to air or dirt.
    1. To detract from or spoil; taint: a tragedy that tarnished our hopes.
    2. To cast aspersions on; sully: slander that tarnished the senator's image.
v.intr.
  1. To lose luster; become discolored.
  2. To diminish or become tainted.
n.
  1. The condition of being tarnished.
  2. Discoloration of a metal surface caused by corrosion or oxidation.
  3. The condition of being sullied or tainted.

[Middle English ternisshen, from Old French ternir, terniss-, to dull, from terne, dull, of Germanic origin.]

tarnishable tar'nish·a·ble adj.

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verb

  1. To spoil the soundness or perfection of: blemish, damage, detract from, disserve, flaw, harm, hurt, impair, injure, mar, prejudice, vitiate. See better/worse, help/harm/harmless.
  2. To contaminate the reputation of: befoul, besmear, besmirch, bespatter, blacken, cloud, denigrate, dirty, smear, smudge, smut, soil, spatter, stain, sully, taint. Idioms: give a black eye to, slingthrowmud on. See attack/defend, clean/dirty.

noun

    A mark of discredit or disgrace: black eye, blemish, blot, onus, spot, stain, stigma, taint. Archaic attaint. Idioms: a blot on one's escutcheon. See marks, respect/contempt/standing.


v

Definition: dirty, corrupt
Antonyms: clean, fix, polish, uncorrupt

An oxide layer on a metal surface that causes it to dull, often discoloring it.


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tarnish

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pronunciation

IN BRIEF: To dull, stain, or discolor.

pronunciation Existing in the reputation a person has regardless of his or her accomplishments, fame does not tarnish as honor does when it is unmerited. — Mortimer J. Adler, U.S. philosopher, educator.

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n

1. surface discoloration or loss of luster by metals. Under oral conditions, it often results from hard and soft deposits. 2. a chemical process by which a metal surface is discolored or its luster destroyed.

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categories related to 'tarnish'

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Random House Word Menu by Stephen Glazier
For a list of words related to tarnish, see:

  See crossword solutions for the clue Tarnish.
Tungsten rods with evaporated crystals, partially oxidized with colorful tarnish

Tarnish is a thin layer of corrosion that forms over copper, brass, silver, aluminum, and other similar metals as their outermost layer undergoes a chemical reaction. Tarnish does not always result from the sole effects of oxygen in the air. For example, silver needs hydrogen sulfide to tarnish; it does not tarnish with only oxygen. It often appears as a dull, gray or black film or coating over metal. Tarnish is a surface phenomenon, that is self-limiting unlike rust. Only the top few layers of the metal react, and the layer of tarnish seals and protects the underlying layers from reacting.

Tarnish actually preserves the underlying metal in outdoor use and is called patina. The formation of patina is necessary in applications such as copper roofing, and outdoor copper, bronze, and brass statues and fittings.

Contents

Chemistry

Tarnish is a product of a chemical reaction between a metal and a nonmetal compound, especially oxygen and sulfur dioxide. It is usually a metal oxide, the product of oxidation. Sometimes it is a metal sulfide. The metal oxide sometimes reacts with water to make the hydroxide, and carbon dioxide to make the carbonate.

Prevention and removal

Using a thin coat of polish can prevent tarnish from forming over these metals. Tarnish can be removed by using steel wool, sandpaper, emery paper, baking soda or a file to rub or polish the metal's dull surface. Fine objects (such as silverware) may have the tarnish electrochemically reversed,[1] or it may be removed with a special polishing compound and a soft cloth. Gentler abrasives, like calcium carbonate, are often used by museums to clean tarnished silver as they cannot damage or scratch the silver and will not leave unwanted residues.[2]

Specific types

Patina

Patina is the name given to tarnish on copper based metals.

See also

References

Polishing, cleaning, and storing of silver


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Dansk (Danish)
v. tr. - mattere, gøre anløben, plette, besmudse
v. intr. - blive mat, blive anløben
n. - mat, glansløshed, anløbethed

Nederlands (Dutch)
dof maken of worden, bezoedelen

Français (French)
v. tr. - (lit, fig) ternir
v. intr. - (lit, fig) se ternir
n. - (lit, fig) ternissure

Deutsch (German)
v. - anlaufen, matt od. trübe werden, beschmutzen, trüben
n. - Anlaufen, Trübung

Ελληνική (Greek)
v. - αμαυρώνω, θαμπώνω, σκοτεινιάζω, ξεθωριάζω, κηλιδώνω, σπιλώνω
n. - αμαύρωση, θαμπάδα, πατίνα

Italiano (Italian)
appannarsi, infangare

Português (Portuguese)
v. - deslustrar, manchar, sujar
n. - deslustre (m), mancha (f)

Русский (Russian)
тусклость, тусклая плоскость, (фигур.) запятнать (репутацию)

Español (Spanish)
v. tr. - deslustrar, empañar, manchar, descolorar
v. intr. - deslustrarse, empañarse, mancharse, descolorarse
n. - deslustre, empañadura, mancha

Svenska (Swedish)
v. - fläcka, göra matt, missfärga, mista sin glans, bli skamfilad, skadas
n. - glanslöshet, matthet, missfärgning, fläck

中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
使失去光泽, 玷污, 败坏, 失去光泽, 变灰暗, 蒙受耻辱, 被玷污, 晦暗, 污点

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
v. tr. - 使失去光澤, 玷污, 敗壞
v. intr. - 失去光澤, 變灰暗, 蒙受恥辱, 被玷污
n. - 晦暗, 污點, 玷污

한국어 (Korean)
v. tr. - 흐리게 하다, 녹슬게 하다
v. intr. - 흐려지다, 녹슬다
n. - 흐림, 녹, 오점

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 曇り, 錆び
v. - 曇らせる, 変色させる, 汚す

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(فعل) يفقده بريقه أو لمعانه (الاسم) بقله زراعيه, لطخه القلقاس,‏

עברית (Hebrew)
v. tr. - ‮הכההלכלך, הכתים‬
v. intr. - ‮התעמם, כהה, פג זוהרו‬
n. - ‮כהות, עימום, הכהייה, כתם‬


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Rink, Henry (Quotes By)
stromeyerite (mineralogy)