| Tarnobrzeg | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 |
|||
|
|||
  Tarnobrzeg
|
|||
| Coordinates: 50°35′N 21°41′E / 50.583°N 21.683°E | |||
| Country |  Poland |
||
| Voivodeship |  Subcarpathian |
||
| County | city county | ||
| Town rights | 1593 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Jan Dziubiński | ||
| Area | |||
| - Total | 85.6 km2 (33.1 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 160 m (525 ft) | ||
| Population (2008) | |||
| - Total | 49,753 | ||
| - Density | 581.2/km2 (1,505.4/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 39-400 | ||
| Area code(s) | +48 015 | ||
| Car plates | RT | ||
| Website | http://www.tarnobrzeg.pl/ | ||
Tarnobrzeg [tarˈnɔbʐɛk] (Yiddish: דזיקאוו-Jikov) is a town in south-eastern Poland, on the east bank of the river Vistula, with 49,753 inhabitants, as of June 2009.[1] Situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo Podkarpackie) since 1999, it had previously been the capital of Tarnobrzeg Voivodeship (1975–1998).
Contents |
Economy
Sulphur mining
The city was a major center for the mining and processing of sulphur and sulphuric acid. However, its mines have since closed having been deemed uneconomic. The mine in Piaseczno was closed first, followed by the Machów mine (after 40 years of working — it had been the biggest open-cast sulphur mine in Europe), and finally the Jeziórko mine in the 1990s. The Jeziórko mine stayed open as long as it did because of the introduction of the modern Frasch process of sulphur extraction.
Since the 1980s, the land in the mining areas has gradually been reclaimed. The Machów mine has been filled with water to form a reservoir used for recreation, and the same is happening to the Jeziórko mine — it is being slowly filled from the nearby Vistula river.
History
Tarnobrzeg was founded in 1593, during the golden age of Poland, to become the residence of the regional Tarnowski "szlachta" (noble family) whose head is known as Count Tarnów. In 1772, it became part of the Austrian Empire and remained part of this country until 1918. World War I brought disaster to the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Galician Poland. Tarnobrzeg, located very close to the Russian-Austrian border, sustained heavy damage during World War I by invading armies.
In the aftermath of World War I, the short-lived Republic of Tarnobrzeg was declared here, and in 1919, it became part of Lwow Voivodeship of the newly independent Second Polish Republic. The city suffered significant emigration within the former Austrian empire and elsewhere during the interbellum years (1919-1939).
A public school system was founded here during the time it was part of the Austrian Empire. To a great extent, this system established the literacy and culture of pre-World War I Tarnobrzeg and other similar Austrian-ruled Polish municipalities.
The nearest larger city of importance is Rzeszów, the capital city of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, 75 km to the south. Travel to and from the one-time Imperial capital of Vienna was through Kraków. Railway service was established in later years of the Empire; Tarnobrzeg is located on the secondary-importance line between Dębica and Sandomierz.
In the 1950s, after geological research into fuel deposits, significant sulfur resources were discovered. From early 1960s the city grew rapidly: the population rose from 5,000 to almost 50,000.
Extinct Jewish Community of Tarnobrzeg
Pre-Holocaust Tarnobrzeg, a shtetl of western Galicia, was home to a thriving and traditional Jewish community. Tarnobrzeg is situated in a region of Poland that is not close to the better-known larger Jewish communities of the country which were located in cities such as Warsaw, Kraków, Lublin, Lwow, Wilno and many others. In sum, the History of Jews in Poland is confluent with the history of the town. Jewish inhabitants of Tarnobrzeg, and their descendents, are considered Galitzianers or Galician Jews.
In the years 1772 - 1918 (see: Partitions of Poland), Tarnobrzeg was in the province of Galicia as part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire, based in Vienna. The 19th century after 1815 was, across Europe, a period of relative peace and stability following the conclusion of the extremely violent Napoleonic Wars. Due to progressive initiatives following Napoleonic times, Tarnobrzeg citizens including the Jewish Community benefited from compulsory free public education mandated by the Austrian Emperor. The same was not true for other Polish Jewry situated in areas outside of Galicia, e.g., Danzig or Warsaw. Compulsory public education was opposed by some Jewish religious authorities who believed that traditional Jewish Torah and Talmud studies should not even be partially supplanted by secular instruction.
The political stability ended in Tarnobrzeg and surrounding areas with the collapse of the Austrian Empire as a result of World War I portended a difficult future for Tarnobrzeg's Jews. Although atrocities and population displacements during World War II dominate the history of Tarnobrzeg's Jews, deportations during World War I to trans-Ural Russia were also highly disruptive and destroyed much of the established community. Many emigrated to the United States or Palestine.
Nearby shtetlach (Jewish or Yiddish-language plural of shtetl) of, e.g., Rozwadów and Ulanow had many commercial and family ties to Tarnobrzeg. There were several affinity groups among the thriving Jewish population before World War II, including Hasidic, Zionist, Bundist (Socialist), and others. Many Jewish citizens of Tarnobrzeg emigrated to Palestine, later to become Israel, during the pre-World War II period.
Prominent Tarnobrzeg citizen Moses Hauser, who was Jewish, was a centenarian whose lifespan nearly coincided with the 19th century. Hauser was a wealthy businessman, trader, and landholder dating from Napoleonic times through the reign of Austrian Emperor Franz Josef. His life is documented in a Yizkor (Memorial) Book published by Tarnobrzeg elders following the Holocaust. Hauser was father to twelve children and many descendents living in the United States, Israel, and elsewhere.
The atrocities committed by the German occupiers against Jewish and Polish citizens of Tarnobrzeg during the Holocaust obliged the Jews to choose between a limited number of mortally dangereous escape routes or alternatively to perish by remaining. Very few people were known to have survived as Jews in Tarnobrzeg, where they would have needed to be hidden by righteous gentiles. Those migrating eastward to communist Russia had to choose between permanent communist citizenship, service in the Red Army in its battles against the Wehrmacht, and loss of freedom to subsequently leave Russia or alternatively to become displaced persons known as DPs. DPs were temporarily relocated by the Russian government to work camps in Siberia, there to wait out the war. Many DPs perished owing to extremely rugged conditions for which they were unprepared, and poor supplies available in wartime trans-Ural Russian Asia. Those who survived were permitted to depart Russian lands following World War II.
Divisons of Tarnobrzeg
Boroughs and districts of Tarnobrzeg:
- Barbórka
- Biała Góra
- Bogdanówka
- Borów
- Chałupki
- Chomki
- Chwałki
- Dzików - Dzikovia
- Kajmów
- Kozielec
- Machów
- Miechocin
- Osiedle Młodych
- Mokrzyszów
- Nagnajów
- Ocice
- Osiedle Centrum
- Piastów
- Przywiśle
- Serbinów
- Siarkowiec
- Sielec
- Skalna Góra
- Sobów
- Stare Miasto - Old Town
- Wielopole
- Wielowieś
- Wymysłów
- Wystawa
- Zakrzów
- Zwierzyniec
Roman Catolic Churches and Parishes
- Church of Mary Magdalene in Tarnobrzeg - 1160
- Monastery of Dominicans in Tarnobrzeg - 1667 (wooden), 1706
- Church of Saint Gertrude and Saint Michael in Tarnobrzeg - 1884
- Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Help in Tarnobrzeg - 1979 (wooden), 1984
- Church of Good Shepherd in Tarnobrzeg - 1990
- Church of Saint Barbara in Tarnobrzeg - 1996
- Church of Divine Mercy in Tarnobrzeg - 1996
- Church of Visitation in Tarnobrzeg - 1997
- Church of Christ the King in Tarnobrzeg - 2003
- Chapel of All Saints in Tarnobrzeg - 2009
Cyclical events
- New Year's Run - January
- Tarnobrzeg Days - May, June
- International Organ Virtuoso Performances - July, August
- Saint Dominic's Fair - August
- Bartoszki Film Festival - August
- Satyrblues - September
- International Alfred Freyer Vistula River Run - October
- Tarnobrzeg Social Days and Tarnobrzeg Days of The Christian Culture - October
- Barbórkowa Drama Teatralna - December
Twin Towns - Sister cities
Tarnobrzeg is twinned with:[2]
See also
- Siarka Tarnobrzeg - local football team
References
- ^ "Population. Size and structure by territorial division". © 1995-2009 Central Statistical Office 00-925 Warsaw, Al. Niepodległości 208. 2009-06-02. http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_P_population_size_structure_31_12_2008.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
- ^ a b "Tarnobrzeg Official Website - Partner Cities".
(in Polish) © 1999-2008 Urząd Miasta Tarnobrzeg. http://www.tarnobrzeg.pl/php/index.php?action=miasto_item&menu=all&id=5&nazwa=miasta%20partnerskie. Retrieved 2008-10-23. - ^ "Banská Bystrica Sister Cities". © 2001-2008. http://eng.banskabystrica.sk/main.php?id_kat_for_menu=2367&firmy_slovenska_flag=0. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tarnobrzeg |
|
||||||||||
|
|||||||||||
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
