Cooking temperature is the temperature of the oven, grill, stovetop etc while internal temperature of the meat is how hot the meat is at its center most part. Putting chicken in a four hundred degree oven for twenty minutes raises the temperature of the meat to 165°

Stick a meat thermometer in the centre of the meat. Temperature is an indication of how well the meat is cooked - i.e rare, medium rare, well done...

Termometers made specifically for measuring the interior temperature of meat

Depends on the temperature of the meat.

1Kelvin