Terfenol-D, an alloy of the formula Tb(0.3) Dy(0.7) Fe(1.9) is a magnetostrictive material. It was initially developed in the 1970's by the Naval Ordnance Laboratory in America. The technology for manufacturing the material efficiently was developed in the 1980's at Ames Laboratory under a U.S. Navy funded program.[1] It is named after terbium, iron (Fe), Naval Ordnance Laboratory (NOL), and the D comes from dysprosium.
The alloy has the highest magnetostriction of any alloy, up to 0.001 m/m at saturation; it expands and contracts in a magnetic field. Its initial application was in naval sonar systems.[2] It sees application in magnetomechanical sensors, actuators, and acoustic and ultrasonic transducers, eg. in the SoundBug device (its first commercial application by FeONIC). It has also been considered for use in fuel injectors for diesel engines because of the high stresses that can be produced.[3]
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