Osteochondropathy or osteopathy is the study of bones and bone density. The field determines solutions for bone fractures and increased bone density. Frequent bone diseases are characterized by the following symptoms:

•Bone degradation

•Small fractures

•Loss of height

•Lower back pain

•Bone Tenderness

•Poor posture or a hump in the back

•Neck pain due to small fractures

Osteopathic diseases may be diagnosed by administering a bone density analysis. Bone mineral density testing can be measured by a Densitiometry or a DEXA scan. Computed Tomography (CT) scans also measures bone mineral density. The aforementioned tests are predictive indicators of the future bone fractures. Often, bone diseases are caused by instances other than aging. In this case, individuals may be required to give blood or urine samples for a proper diagnosis.

Once the patient is diagnosed, the physicians must find treatments to stop or slow the loss of bone density. Physicians also desire to control any pain associated with the bone disease. Currently, medications exist to alleviate these symptoms. Exercise is also recommended to slow or stop bone loss and prevent fractures. Some of the medications, diets and exercise recommended regimens are listed below:

Calcitonin

Calcitonin is administered via inhalation or intravenously. The medication slows bone loss and alleviates associated pain. Calcitonin is the least effective treatment available.

Bisphosphonates

Bisphosphonates are the most effective treatments and most widely recommended drugs in the field of osteopathy. The drug may be administered orally or intravenously. Common medications include Actonel, Boniva, and Fosamax.

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Historically, women were prescribed hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or estrogen to prevent osteoporosis. Physicians have cited risks with using this approach. Estrogen is typically only prescribed by a physician in the event that other solutions are not effective.

Parathyroid Hormone

Parathyroid hormones are prescribed for patients who are considered high risk for fractures. Teriparatide is a type of parathyroid hormone often prescribed by patients. The medication is administered through daily shots underneath the skin.

Raloxifene

Experts have proven that raloxifene can improve the risk of spine fractures by nearly 50 percent. The drug may cause deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolus.

Exercise

Experts recommend exercise to increase bone density. Resistance exercises and weight bearing exercises are essential in maintaining bone strength. Patients may participate in free weight use, walking, jogging, dancing or tennis to increase bone density. Balance exercises such as Tai Chi or Yoga are also beneficial as well.

Diet

Vitamin D is an important component of the diet. This vitamin helps the patient absorb calcium that is necessary for building strong bones. Protein is also an essential component of maintaining bone strength. Recommended foods include:

Cheese

Salmon

Spinach

Ice Cream

Yogurt

Tofu

Low-fat Milk

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