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than

 
(THăn, THən) pronunciation
conj.
  1. Used after a comparative adjective or adverb to introduce the second element or clause of an unequal comparison: She is a better athlete than I.
  2. Used to introduce the second element after certain words indicating difference: He draws quite differently than she does.
  3. When. Used especially after hardly and scarcely: I had scarcely walked in the door than the commotion started.
prep. Usage Problem
In comparison or contrast with: could run faster than him; outclassed everyone other than her.

[Middle English, from Old English thanne, than.]

USAGE NOTE   Since the 18th century grammarians have insisted that than should be regarded as a conjunction in all its uses, so that a sentence such as Bill is taller than Tom should be construed as an elliptical version of the sentence Bill is taller than Tom is. According to this view, the case of a pronoun following than is determined by whether the pronoun serves as the subject or object of the verb that is "understood." Thus, the standard rule requires Pat is taller than I (not me) on the assumption that this sentence is elliptical for Pat is taller than I am but allows The news surprised Pat more than me, since this sentence is taken as elliptical for The news surprised Pat more than it surprised me. However, than is quite commonly treated as a preposition when followed by an isolated noun phrase, and as such occurs with a pronoun in the objective case: John is taller than me. Though this usage is still widely regarded as incorrect, it is predominant in speech and has reputable literary precedent, appearing in the writing of such respected authors as Shakespeare, Johnson, Swift, Scott, and Faulkner. It is also consistent with the fact that than is clearly treated as a preposition in the than whom construction, as in a poet than whom (not than who) no one has a dearer place in the hearts of his countrymen. Still, the writer who risks a sentence like Mary is taller than him in formal writing must be prepared to defend the usage against objections of critics who are unlikely to be dissuaded from the conviction that the usage is incorrect. • Comparatives using as . . . as can be analyzed as parallel to those using than. Traditional grammarians insist that I am not as tall as he is the only correct form; in formal writing, one should adhere to this rule. However, one can cite both literary precedent and syntactic arguments in favor of analyzing the second as as a preposition (which would allow constructions such as I am not as tall as him). See Usage Notes at as1.


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1. Than is normally used to introduce the second element in a comparison, and acts either as a conjunction (He is older than I am) or as a preposition (He is older than me). In uses such as He is older than I, than is normally regarded as a conjunction with the verb following I understood, but in spoken English at least the more usual choice is the type He is older than me. For this choice, see further at cases 2b.

2. Other aspects of the use of than will be found at the following entries: barely, different 3, hard 2, inferior, other 2, prefer 3, rather 2, scarcely 1, superior.

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than

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pronunciation

IN BRIEF: Word used to compare things.

pronunciation The eye is bigger than the belly. — George Herbert (1593-1633), English clergyman, writer & metaphysical poet.

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sign description: The fingertips of one B-hand slaps the tips of the opposite flat hand.




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categories related to 'than'

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Random House Word Menu by Stephen Glazier
For a list of words related to than, see:

  See crossword solutions for the clue Than.

Than is a grammatical particle analyzed as both a conjunction and a preposition in the English language. It introduces a comparison, and is associated with comparatives and with words such as more, less, and fewer. Typically, it measures the force of an adjective or similar description between two predicates.

Contents

Usage

Confusion between than and then

In writing, than and then are often erroneously interchanged. In standard English, then refers to time, while than is used in comparisons.

Case of pronouns following than

According to the view of many English-language prescriptionists and of influential 18th-century grammarian Robert Lowth, than is exclusively a conjunction and therefore takes either nominative (or subjective) or oblique (or objective) pronouns depending on context, rather than exclusively oblique pronouns as prepositions do.[1][2] William Shakespeare's 1600 play Julius Caesar has an instance of an oblique pronoun following than where the nominative is also possible:

A man no mightier than thyself or me...

The instance is anomalous to Shakespeare's writing, which largely is consistent with the English-language presciptionists and Robert Lowth. Samuel Johnson wrote the following:

No man had ever more discernment than him, in finding out the ridiculous.

In simple comparisons in contemporary English, than often takes an oblique pronoun, which lexicographers and usage commentators regard as prepositional use and as standard.

The case of a pronoun following than can be determined by context.

Examples
  • You are a better swimmer than she.
    • The sentence is equivalent to "You are a better swimmer than she is."
  • They like you more than her.
    • The sentence is equivalent to "They like you more than they like her."
    • The sentence "They like you more than she" may instead mean "They like you more than she likes you."

References

  1. ^ O'Conner, Origins of the Specious: Myths and Misconceptions of the English Language (2009), pp. 40-41
  2. ^ Crystal, Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language 2nd ed., p. 203.

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?dict=CALD&key=21561


Misspellings:

than

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Common misspelling(s) of than

  • thna
  • tath
  • thyat
  • thta
  • tyhat

Translations:

Than

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Dansk (Danish)
conj. - end
prep. - end

Nederlands (Dutch)
dan, als

Français (French)
conj. - que, que (de), (à peine) ... que, (US) (différent) de
prep. - que, de, de la

Deutsch (German)
conj. - als
prep. - als

Ελληνική (Greek)
conj. - από, από ό, τι, παρά να

Italiano (Italian)
che, di

Português (Portuguese)
conj. - a não ser, que, do que, senão

Русский (Russian)
(союз) чем (после прилагательных и наречий вводит сравнительный

Español (Spanish)
conj. - que, cuando
prep. - de, de lo que

Svenska (Swedish)
conj. - än, förrän

中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
比, 除...外, 超过

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
conj. - 比, 除...外
prep. - 比, 超過

한국어 (Korean)
conj. - ~ 보다, ~ 이상으로, ~ 밖에는
prep. - ~ 보다도, ~ 에 비하여, ~ 이상으로

日本語 (Japanese)
conj. - …よりも, …するよりは, …よりほかの
prep. - …より

idioms:

  • larger than life    誇張された
  • more/greater than the sum of its parts    部分部分の合計に勝る
  • no sooner... than    …するや否や

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(حرف عطف) من : مثلا جواد اطول من غالب, غير, الا‏

עברית (Hebrew)
conj. - ‮מן, יותר מן, מאשר‬
prep. - ‮מן, יותר מן, מאשר‬


 
 
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American Heritage Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
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