look in your biology book

The book Eclipse explains Jasper's transformation.

"The Great Transformation" is a book written by economic historian Karl Polanyi in 1944. It analyzes the social and economic changes brought about by the rise of market economies in the 19th and 20th centuries, arguing that they have disrupted traditional social structures and institutions. Polanyi also introduces the concept of "embeddedness," suggesting that economies are embedded in social and political contexts.

Yes, she begin's her transformation at the end of Book 2: Jacob in Breaking Dawn. Within the first chapter of Book 3: Bella, she describes her transformation and eventually joins her immortal family as a vampire.

The Great Depression