Two of the most important from an academic standpoint are the Aldol addition which involves combining aldehyde, ketones or N,N-disubstituted esters to form more complex molecues. In the case of a biological system single collagen proteins are linked to form cross- linked collagen via an aldol addition of 2 aldehyde molecules, as well as the claisen condensation which is best known for the reaction between 2 thioesters acetyl thioester and malonyl thioester to form part of a fatty acid used in protein synthesis.

Coenzymes are small, organic, non-protein molecules, such as vitamins, that carry chemical groups between enzymes. They are sometimes known as cosubstrates. Coenzymes are substrates for enzymes but are not considered part of an enzyme's structure. Cofactors are non-protein chemical compounds that are bound (either tightly, as in prosthetic groups; or loosely, as in coenzymes) to an enzyme and is required for catalysis. A cofactor can be a coenzyme or a prosthetic group.

beta oxidation of fatty acids ocur

only if the triacylglycerol

molecule of the fatty acid is cleaved intu

its component fatty acid and glycerol .the fatty acid b-oxdn

is nw

ready 2 proceed 1.thiokinase adds CO-A

to FA

2.acyl CO-A

dehydrogenase

oxidises the fatty acid

3.enoyl CO hydrates adds water

4.b-hydroxy acyl

CO-A

dehyrase

oxidises

5.tiolase adds CO-A

and splits off acyl

COA.

DH to electron transport n chemiosmosis

for each round

PROVIDING

*acyl

CO to b oxidised in krebs

cycle.

*1FADH n NA