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thorough

 
(thûr'ō, thŭr'ō) pronunciation
adj.
  1. Exhaustively complete: a thorough search.
  2. Painstakingly accurate or careful: thorough research.
  3. Absolute; utter: a thorough pleasure.
prep. & adv. Archaic
Variant of through.

[Middle English thorow, through, thorough, from Old English thuruh, from end to end, through.]

thoroughly thor'ough·ly adv.
thoroughness thor'ough·ness n.

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adj

Definition: absolute
Antonyms: deficient, imperfect, inadequate

adj

Definition: exhaustive
Antonyms: incomplete, partial, superficial

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thorough

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pronunciation

IN BRIEF: Complete in every way; with nothing left out.. Also: Very careful and exact.

pronunciation Some people are making such thorough plans for rainy days that they aren't enjoying today's sunshine. — William Feather (1889-1981)

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  See crossword solutions for the clue Thorough.

In 17th century England, Thorough was a name given by Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford to a scheme of his to establish absolute monarchy in England. Although "Thorough" is largely attributed to Strafford, its implementation can also be accredited to the Archbishop of Canterbury William Laud.

Thorough and Laud

Laud exploited his secular and religious roles to implement the policy of thorough in England. Laud used his authority as Archbishop of Canterbury to appoint only Arminian clergymen as Bishops, this in turn meant that most of the vicars that they appointed would also be Arminian. Arminianism is a sect of Protestant Christianity which believes in the "Divine Right of Kings" and the (Catholic reminiscent) "Beauty of Holiness". Laud hoped that his new, Arminian Church of England would make the English conform into believing in the 'Divine Right' and supporting Charles I's personal rule and setting up of a parliament-independent monarchy.

Laud used his authority over the prerogative courts to humiliate the gentry, who were largely Puritan and Presbyterian. As Puritans and Presbyterians, the gentry were opposed to Laud's beliefs and opposed to the idea of a parliament-independent monarchy. It is arguable whether the opposition of the gentry was based on religious grounds or on grounds of their own prospects of personal gain from a limited monarchy.

Thorough and Strafford

Strafford was Lord Deputy of Ireland, and domiciled in Ireland for much of the personal rule, leaving the running of England largely down to Laud, although the application of Thorough in Ireland was entirely down to Strafford. The fear that Strafford instilled in the Irish through the policy of "Thorough" can be demonstrated when looking at the ease in which Strafford extracted subsidies from the Irish Parliament as the Second Bishops War approached during 1640.

This article incorporates text from the public domain 1907 edition of The Nuttall Encyclopædia.


Translations:

Thorough

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Dansk (Danish)
adj. - fuldstændig, grundig, indgående, gennemgribende
prep. - gennem
adv. - gennem

Nederlands (Dutch)
grondig, doortastend, flink

Français (French)
adj. - approfondi, minutieux, à fond, totalement
prep. - à fond
adv. - complètement, totalement, profondément

Deutsch (German)
adj. - gründlich, echt, völlig
prep. - durch
adv. - völlig

Ελληνική (Greek)
adj. - πλήρης, εντελής, τέλειος, λεπτομερής, εξονυχιστικός, διεξοδικός, προσεχτικός, επιμελέστατος

Italiano (Italian)
profondo

Português (Portuguese)
adj. - completo (m), meticuloso (m), profundo (m)

Русский (Russian)
тщательный, доскональный

Español (Spanish)
adj. - concienzudo, minucioso, profundo
adv. - concienzudo, minucioso, profundo

Svenska (Swedish)
adj. - grundlig, ingående

中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
十分的, 彻底的, 彻底, 彻底地

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
adj. - 十分的, 徹底的
prep. - 徹底
adv. - 徹底地

한국어 (Korean)
adj. - 철저한, 절대적인, 순전한
prep. - ~을 통하여, ~을 지나서, (장소)를 두루
adv. - 통과하여, 처음부터 끝까지, 직행으로

日本語 (Japanese)
adj. - 完全な, 徹底的な, 全くの, 几帳面な

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(صفه) كامل, شامل‏

עברית (Hebrew)
adj. - ‮מוחלט, גמור, מובהק, יסודי, קפדני‬
prep. - ‮לגמרי (מיושן)‬
adv. - ‮לגמרי (מיושן)‬


 
 
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full
clean
thoro

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American Heritage Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
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