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Timeline of historic inventions

 
Wikipedia: Timeline of historic inventions
 
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The timeline of historic inventions is a chronological list of particularly important or significant technological inventions.

Note: Dates for inventions are often controversial. Inventions are often invented by several inventors around the same time, or may be invented in an impractical form many years before another inventor improves the invention into a practical form. Where there is ambiguity, the date of the first known working version of the invention is used here.

Contents

Paleolithic era

Main article: Paleolithic

Antiquity

10th millennium BCE

9th millennium BCE

8th millennium BCE

7th millennium BCE

6th millennium BCE

History of technology
By period and location:

By type of technology:

Technology timelines:
edit

5th millennium BCE

4th millennium BCE

3rd millennium BCE

2nd millennium BCE

1st millennium BCE

1st millennium CE

1st-5th centuries

6th-8th centuries

9th-10th centuries

2nd millennium

11th century

12th century

13th century

14th century

15th century

16th century

17th century

18th century

19th century

1800s

1810s

1820s

1830s

1840s

1850s

1860s

1870s

1880s

1890s

20th century

1900s

1910s

1920s

1930s

1940s

1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

3rd millennium

21st century

2000s

Main articles: 2000s in science and technology and List of emerging technologies

Notes

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  2. ^ Earliest evidence of art found
  3. ^ Kouwenhoven, Arlette P., World's Oldest Spears
  4. ^ Pegg, Jr., Ed, Lebombo Bone
  5. ^ Keddie, Grant, The Atlatl Weapon[dead link]
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Encyclopædia Britannica's Great Inventions, Encyclopædia Britannica
  7. ^ Stone age man used dentist drill. BBC News.
  8. ^ "Dashing Finns were first to get their skates on 5,000 years ago". The Times. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/science/article3090363.ece. Retrieved on 2007-12-24. 
  9. ^ "rice." Encyclopaedia Britannica 2008. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2008.
  10. ^ Rodda & Ubertini (2004), The Basis of Civilization--water Science?, p. 161, International Association of Hydrological Science, ISBN 1901502570
  11. ^ Teresi, Dick; et al. (2002), Lost Discoveries: The Ancient Roots of Modern Science--from the Babylonians to the Maya, pp. 351-2, New York: Simon & Schuster, ISBN 0-684-83718-8
  12. ^ Kryss Katsiavriades and Talaat Qureshi, Inventions - 3000 BCE to 2000 BCE.
  13. ^ Rao, S. R. (1985), Lothal, pp. 27–8, Archaeological Survey of India
  14. ^ A World of Glass
  15. ^ Needham (1986), volume 6 part 5 105-106
  16. ^ a b Zaheer Baber (1996), The Science of Empire: Scientific Knowledge, Civilization, and Colonial Rule in India, p. 23, State University of New York Press, ISBN 0791429199
  17. ^ Craddock, P. T. et al. (1983), "Zinc production in medieval India", World Archaeology 15 (2), Industrial Archaeology, p. 13
  18. ^ a b History of Ondol
  19. ^ a b c d Surgical Instruments from Ancient Rome
  20. ^ Roman period surgery set on show, BBC
  21. ^ The Romans carried out cataract ops, BBC
  22. ^ Dimitrakoudis, P. Papaspyrou, V. Petoussis, X. Moussas: “Archaic artifacts resembling celestial spheres”
  23. ^ Inventions 1000 BCE to 1 BCE
  24. ^ Ancient Greek Inventions
  25. ^ Needham (1986), Volume 4, Part 2, 319–323.
  26. ^ Encyclopedia Britannica (2008), "Linguistics"
  27. ^ Stone-Hurling Catapult, Greece, 400 BCE
  28. ^ a b Joseph Needham (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Part 2, p. 361. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
  29. ^ Ancient Roman Inventions
  30. ^ MSN Encarta (2007), Diamond
  31. ^ Lewis, Michael (2000), "Theoretical Hydraulics, Automata, and Water Clocks", in Wikander, Örjan, Handbook of Ancient Water Technology, Technology and Change in History, 2, Leiden, pp. 343–369 (356f.), ISBN 90-04-11123-9 
  32. ^ Encyclopedia Britannica (2008), "cashmere"
  33. ^ a b Encyclopedia Britannica (2008), "Pagoda"
  34. ^ Lynn Townsend White, Jr. (April 1960). "Tibet, India, and Malaya as Sources of Western Medieval Technology", The American Historical Review 65 (3), p. 516.
  35. ^ Roman Inventions
  36. ^ Needham (1986), Volume 4, Part 2, 263–267.
  37. ^ Needham (1986), Volume 4, Part 2, 70–71.
  38. ^ a b Lynn Townsend White, Jr. (April 1960). "Tibet, India, and Malaya as Sources of Western Medieval Technology", The American Historical Review 65 (3), p. 521.
  39. ^ Kriger, Colleen E. & Connah, Graham (2006), Cloth in West African History, p. 120, Rowman Altamira, ISBN 0759104220
  40. ^ Encyclopedia Britannica (2008), "jute"
  41. ^ Needham (1986), Volume 4, Part 3, 649–650.
  42. ^ Zaheer Baber (1996), The Science of Empire: Scientific Knowledge, Civilization, and Colonial Rule in India, p. 57, State University of New York Press, ISBN 0791429199
  43. ^ Paper - one of the most important inventions of the last two millennia
  44. ^ Livingston, Morna & Beach, Milo (2002), Steps to Water: The Ancient Stepwells of India, p. 19, Princeton Architectural Press, ISBN 1568983247
  45. ^ Hoepfner, Wolfram (1970), "Ein Kombinationsschloss aus dem Kerameikos", Archäologischer Anzeiger 85 (2): 210–213 
  46. ^ Zaheer Baber (1996), The Science of Empire: Scientific Knowledge, Civilization, and Colonial Rule in India, pp. 56-7, State University of New York Press, ISBN 0791429199
  47. ^ a b Ronald Watkins. Unknown Seas, p. 15.
  48. ^ Ancient Indian use of Kamal
  49. ^ Lynn Townsend White, Jr. (April 1960). "Tibet, India, and Malaya as Sources of Western Medieval Technology", The American Historical Review 65 (3), p. 519.
  50. ^ John M. Hobson (2004), The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation, p. 141, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521547245.
  51. ^ Encyclopedia Britannica (2002), "Chess: Ancient precursors and related games"
  52. ^ MSN Encarta (2008), Pachisi
  53. ^ Gaudiosi, Monica M. (April 1988), "The Influence of the Islamic Law of Waqf on the Development of the Trust in England: The Case of Merton College", University of Pennsylvania Law Review 136 (4): 1231-1261
  54. ^ Hudson, A. (2003), Equity and Trusts (3rd ed.), Cavendish Publishing, ISBN 1-85941-729-9
  55. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Dr. Kasem Ajram (1992). Miracle of Islamic Science, Appendix B. Knowledge House Publishers. ISBN 0911119434.
  56. ^ Dick, Michael S. (1998). The Ancient Ayurvedic Writings. Retrieved May 19, 2005.
  57. ^ a b c d e Ahmad Y Hassan, Alcohol and the Distillation of Wine in Arabic Sources.
  58. ^ Distillation, Hutchinson Encyclopedia, 2007
  59. ^ a b c Robert Briffault (1938), The Making of Humanity, p. 195
  60. ^ a b c d Derewenda, Zygmunt S. (2007), "On wine, chirality and crystallography", Acta Crystallographica Section A: Foundations of Crystallography 64: 246–258 [247], doi:10.1107/S0108767307054293 
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  62. ^ Khairallah, Amin A. Outline of Arabic Contributions to Medicine, chapter 10. Beirut, 1946.
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  66. ^ Ahmad Y Hassan, Lustre Glass and Lazaward And Zaffer Cobalt Oxide In Islamic And Western Lustre Glass And Ceramics, History of Science and Technology in Islam.
  67. ^ Mason, Robert B. (1995). "New Looks at Old Pots: Results of Recent Multidisciplinary Studies of Glazed Ceramics from the Islamic World". Muqarnas: Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture (Brill Academic Publishers) XII: 1. ISBN 9004103147. 
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  72. ^ The Beginning of the Paper Industry, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation
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  74. ^ Deborah Rowe, How Islam has kept us out of the 'Dark Ages', Science and Society, Channel 4, May 2004.
  75. ^ Sharif Kaf al-Ghazal, Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine, 2004 (3), pp. 3-9 [8].
  76. ^ C. Wayne Smith, Joe Tom Cothren (1999), Cotton: Origin, History, Technology, and Production, p. viii, John Wiley and Sons. Technology & Industrial Arts, ISBN 0471180459
  77. ^ a b c d David A. King, "Islamic Astronomy", in Christopher Walker (1999), ed., Astronomy before the telescope, p. 167-168. British Museum Press. ISBN 0-7141-2733-7.
  78. ^ David A. King (2002). "A Vetustissimus Arabic Text on the Quadrans Vetus", Journal for the History of Astronomy 33, p. 237-255 [238-239].
  79. ^ Salma Khadra Jayyusi and Manuela Marin (1994), The Legacy of Muslim Spain, p. 117, Brill Publishers, ISBN 9004095993
  80. ^ a b c Lebling Jr., Robert W. (July-August 2003), "Flight of the Blackbird", Saudi Aramco World: 24–33, http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200407/flight.of.the.blackbird-.compilation..htm, retrieved on 2008-06-28 
  81. ^ a b c Otto Mayr (1970). The Origins of Feedback Control, MIT Press.
  82. ^ a b c d e f g Ahmad Y Hassan, Transfer Of Islamic Technology To The West, Part II: Transmission Of Islamic Engineering, History of Science and Technology in Islam.
  83. ^ a b Teun Koetsier (2001). "On the prehistory of programmable machines: musical automata, looms, calculators", Mechanism and Machine theory 36, p. 590-591.
  84. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Donald Routledge Hill, "Mechanical Engineering in the Medieval Near East", Scientific American, May 1991, p. 64-69. (cf. Donald Routledge Hill, Mechanical Engineering)
  85. ^ a b Fowler, Charles B. (October 1967), "The Museum of Music: A History of Mechanical Instruments", Music Educators Journal 54 (2): 45–49, doi:10.2307/3391092 
  86. ^ a b c d Adam Lucas (2006), Wind, Water, Work: Ancient and Medieval Milling Technology, p. 65. BRILL, ISBN 9004146490.
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  89. ^ Mason, Robert B. (1995). "New Looks at Old Pots: Results of Recent Multidisciplinary Studies of Glazed Ceramics from the Islamic World". Muqarnas: Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture (Brill Academic Publishers) XII: 5. ISBN 9004103147. 
  90. ^ David A. King, "Islamic Astronomy", pp. 168-169
  91. ^ King, David A. (2005), In Synchrony with the Heavens, Studies in Astronomical Timekeeping and Instrumentation in Medieval Islamic Civilization: Instruments of Mass Calculation, Brill Publishers, ISBN 900414188X
  92. ^ King, David A. (December 2003), "14th-Century England or 9th-Century Baghdad? New Insights on the Elusive Astronomical Instrument Called Navicula de Venetiis", Centaurus 45 (1-4): 204-226
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  95. ^ L. Gari (2002), "Arabic Treatises on Environmental Pollution up to the End of the Thirteenth Century", Environment and History 8 (4), pp. 475-488.
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  99. ^ Ismail b. Ali Ebu'l Feda history, Weltgeschichte, hrsg. von Fleischer and Reiske 1789-94, 1831.
  100. ^ A. Al Dayela and N. al-Zuhair (2006), "Single drug therapy in the treatment of male sexual/erectile dysfunction in Islamic medicine", Urology 68 (1): 253-4
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  102. ^ Alatas, Syed Farid (2006), "From Jami`ah to University: Multiculturalism and Christian–Muslim Dialogue", Current Sociology 54 (1): 112–32, doi:10.1177/0011392106058837 
  103. ^ The Guinness Book Of Records, 1998, p. 242, ISBN 0-5535-7895-2
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  105. ^ Zayn Bilkadi (University of California, Berkeley), "The Oil Weapons", Saudi Aramco World, January-February 1995, p. 20-27.
  106. ^ The invention of cosmetics. 1001 Inventions.
  107. ^ The Valuable Contribution of al-Razi (Rhazes) to the History of Pharmacy, FSTC
  108. ^ Donald Routledge Hill (1996), "Engineering", p. 783, in Rashed, Roshdi & Régis Morelon (1996), Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, vol. 1 & 3, Routledge, 751-95, ISBN 0415124107
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  112. ^ David A. King (1999), World-maps for Finding the Direction and Distance to Mecca: Innovation and Tradition in Islamic Science, p. 17, Brill Publishers, ISBN 9004113673.
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  122. ^ a b c Donald Routledge Hill (1996), "Engineering", p. 766-9, in Rashed, Roshdi & Régis Morelon (1996), Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, Routledge, 751-795, ISBN 0415124107
  123. ^ Donald Routledge Hill (1996), "Engineering", p. 781, in Rashed, Roshdi & Régis Morelon (1996), Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, Routledge, 751-95, ISBN 0415124107
  124. ^ a b Fielding H. Garrison, History of Medicine:

    "The Saracens themselves were the originators not only of algebra, chemistry, and geology, but of many of the so-called improvements or refinements of civilization, such as street lamps, window-panes, firework, stringed instruments, cultivated fruits, perfumes, spices, etc..."

  125. ^ a b c The World's First Soft Drink. 1001 Inventions, 2006.
  126. ^ Juliette Rossant (2005), The World's First Soft Drink, Saudi Aramco World, September/October 2005, pp. 36-9
  127. ^ a b c Donald Routledge Hill (1996), "Engineering", p. 759, in Rashed, Roshdi & Régis Morelon (1996), Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, Routledge, 751-795, ISBN 0415124107
  128. ^ a b Adam Lucas (2006), Wind, Water, Work: Ancient and Medieval Milling Technology, p. 62. BRILL, ISBN 9004146490.
  129. ^ a b Peter Barrett (2004), Science and Theology Since Copernicus: The Search for Understanding, p. 18, Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 056708969X.
  130. ^ Micheau, Francoise, "The Scientific Institutions in the Medieval Near East", pp. 988–991  in Morelon, Régis & Roshdi Rashed (1996), Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, vol. 3, Routledge, ISBN 0415124107
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  133. ^ a b c d Finger, Stanley (1994), Origins of Neuroscience: A History of Explorations Into Brain Function, Oxford University Press, p. 70, ISBN 0195146948 
  134. ^ Ancient surgery
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    "The science of medicine has gained a great and extremely important discovery and that is the use of general anaesthetics for surgical operations, and how unique, efficient, and merciful for those who tried it the Muslim anaesthetic was. It was quite different from the drinks the Indians, Romans and Greeks were forcing their patients to have for relief of pain. There had been some allegations to credit this discovery to an Italian or to an Alexandrian, but the truth is and history proves that, the art of using the anaesthetic sponge is a pure Muslim technique, which was not known before. The sponge used to be dipped and left in a mixture prepared from cannabis, opium, hyoscyamus and a plant called Zoan."


    (cf. Prof. Dr. M. Taha Jasser, Anaesthesia in Islamic medicine and its influence on Western civilization, Conference on Islamic Medicine)
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