tongue

1. 1. The fleshy, movable, muscular organ, attached in most vertebrates to the floor of the mouth, that is the principal organ of taste, an aid in chewing and swallowing, and, in humans, an important organ of speech.
   2. An analogous organ or part in invertebrate animals, as in certain insects or mollusks.
2. The tongue of an animal, such as a cow, used as food.
3. A spoken language or dialect.
4. 1. Speech; talk: If there is goodness in your heart, it will come to your tongue.
   2. The act or power of speaking: She had no tongue to answer.
   3. tongues Speech or vocal sounds produced in a state of religious ecstasy.
   4. Style or quality of utterance: her sharp tongue.
5. The bark or baying of a hunting dog that sees game: The dog gave tongue when the fox came through the hedge.
6. Something resembling a tongue in shape or function, as:
   1. The vibrating end of a reed in a wind instrument.
   2. A flame.
   3. The flap of material under the laces or buckles of a shoe.
   4. A spit of land; a promontory.
   5. A bell clapper.
   6. The harnessing pole attached to the front axle of a horse-drawn vehicle.
7. A protruding strip along the edge of a board that fits into a matching groove on the edge of another board.

1. Music. To separate or articulate (notes played on a brass or wind instrument) by shutting off the stream of air with the tongue.
2. To touch or lick with the tongue.
3. 1. To provide (a board) with a tongue.
   2. To join by means of a tongue and groove.
4. Archaic. To scold.

1. Music. To articulate notes on a brass or wind instrument.
2. To project: a spit of land tonguing into the bay.

hold (one's) tongue

1. To be or keep silent.

1. To lose the capacity to speak, as from shock.

1. On the verge of being recalled or expressed.

1. To speak deceitfully; prevaricate or lie.

[Middle English, from Old English tunge.]

An organ located at the base of the oral cavity and found in all vertebrate animals. It is best developed in terrestrial vertebrates, where it takes on the functions of food procurement, food transport, and acquisition of chemosensory signals. The tongue generally is not a significant independent organ in fish, and it is secondarily reduced in organisms that feed aquatically, such as crocodilians and some turtles.

Within terrestrial vertebrates, there is considerable variability in the specific structure of the tongue, the degree of participation of the hyoid skeleton (that is, a complex of bones at the base of the tongue which supports the tongue and its muscles), and the mechanisms of movement. In birds the tongue is merely a thickened epithelium that overlies the hyoid apparatus. Movement is produced by moving various hyoid elements. In most amphibians, including both frogs and salamanders, the hyoid provides extensive support, but considerable intrinsic tongue musculature exists. In squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) and mammals the tongue is largely independent of the hyoid apparatus and is composed entirely of muscle. The musculature is tightly packed in the tongue and is generally arranged in three mutually perpendicular planes. In the mammalian tongue the musculature is arranged into longitudinal, transverse, and vertical bundles. Organs composed entirely of muscle and lacking independent skeletal systems, termed muscular hydrostats, are widespread. One of the primary advantages of a muscular hydrostat is that bending is not restricted to movement at joints, and the highly subdivided muscular and neural systems seen in mammalian tongues in particular produce movements that are remarkably specific, complex, and diverse.

While muscular-hydrostatic movements characterize the tongue of most mammals and many lizards and snakes, many of the most spectacular tongue projectors, such as chameleon lizards and plethodontid salamanders, do not use this mechanism in protrusion. These organisms have developed separate mechanisms in which the muscular tongue is projected ballistically from the body. In both, a muscle squeezes a process of the hyoid apparatus to generate the projectile force.

The tongue plays an essential part in three main processes: in moving food around in the mouth — towards the teeth for mastication, and towards the throat for swallowing; in the special sense of taste; and in normal speech production. It is covered by a mucous membrane that is continuous with the lining of the rest of the mouth and the throat; this is kept moist by the mucous saliva secreted from small glands in its own surface as well as from the main salivary glands. The characteristic roughness of the healthy tongue is due to four types of papillae that cover the top and sides of the front two-thirds. These are outgrowths of the epithelium — the covering layer — and are of various shapes and sizes. Three types of papillae contain taste buds; the largest but least numerous of the papillae, found towards the back of the tongue, have taste buds arrayed in grooves that surround them.

The bulk of the tongue is made up of a set of muscles attached at one end to hard tissues external to the tongue and inserted at the other end into the fibrous tissue of the tongue itself; these are the extrinsic muscles. There are, in addition, vertical and transverse intrinsic muscle fibres that are attached at both ends to fibrous tissue within the tongue; their prime function is to alter the shape of the tongue. The tongue musculature is largely contained within a fibrous sac, so the whole maintains a constant volume irrespective of its shape.

There are three main paired extrinsic mus-cles on each side; their attachments allow the production of the three main components of tongue movement:

The genioglossus muscles take origin from the middle of the back of the lower jaw and have a fan-like insertion into each side of the midline of the tongue. Their contraction protrudes the tongue.

The hyoglossus muscles take origin from each side of the horseshoe-shaped hyoid bone. (This lies below the tongue and is suspended by a sling of muscles from the jaw and the skull.) They extend forward into the tongue at the sides of the genioglossus muscles. Their contraction shortens the tongue towards its base on the hyoid.

The styloglossus muscles take origin from the styloid process on the base of the skull and pass downwards and forwards into side edges of the tongue. Their contraction elevates the sides of the tongue, forming a gutter in the middle.

During feeding, contraction of the styloglossus muscle of one side causes that side of the tongue to tilt upwards. Consequently, solid food is moved to the opposite side of the mouth, placing it between the occluding surfaces of the teeth for chewing. In contrast, all movements involved in the intra-oral transport of food, and in swallowing, are bilaterally symmetrical, so that the bolus moves in the midline.

During mastication, the mechanosensory function of the tongue is essential for the ability to sort the broken particles of food so that the largest remaining particles are always preferentially selected for placement between the occluding teeth. The mechanosensory receptors in the mucosa have an additional role because the control of tongue posture depends mainly upon information supplied by them. The nerves that carry the information to the brain stem for this and for the sense of taste are the cranial nerves V, VII (taste), and IX (the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves). The motor nerve from the brain stem to most of the tongue muscles is the hypoglossal (XII).

During speech, movements of the tongue take part, along with those of the jaw, the lips, and the cheeks, in the complex configurations of this part of the ‘vocal tract’ that are necessary for articulation.

Looking at the tongue is a diagnostic tradition. It can become coated, glossy, or smoothed in a variety of systemic illnesses, but most changes are non-specific. Because the tongue is essentially a bag of muscles, a drop in the activity of those muscles makes the bag floppy so that its posture is governed primarily by gravity. Failure to maintain the tongue in a forward position, by maintaining contraction of the genioglossus muscles, may therefore restrict or block the airway, especially if a person is lying on their back. Such a blockage can occur in someone who is unconscious from any cause — from fainting to brain damage. Under normal circumstances the converse also applies: a restriction of airflow causes a reflex increase in genioglossus activity.

— Allan Thexton

See alimentary system. See also jaw; mouth; speech; swallowing; taste.

From various animals, e.g. lamb, ox, sheep. A 150-g portion is an exceptionally rich source of iron, a rich source of protein, niacin, and vitamin B₂; contains about 35 g of fat and supplies 450 kcal (1900 kJ).

[TUHNG] Tongues of beef, veal, lamb and pork are nutritious and appetizing variety meats. They can be found fresh, pickled, smoked and corned and can be prepared in a variety of ways to be served hot or cold. All tongue is tough and requires long, slow cooking to make it tender. Beef tongues weigh from 2 to 5 pounds, veal tongues from 1⁄2 to 2 pounds, pork tongues about 1 pound and lamb tongues around 1⁄4 pound. Fresh tongue should be refrigerated for no more than a day before cooking. Scrub thoroughly before using.

noun

A system of terms used by a people sharing a history and culture: dialect, language, speech, vernacular. Linguistics langue. See words.

Idioms beginning with tongue:
tongue hangs out, one's
tongue in cheek, with
tongues wag

See also bite one's tongue; cat got someone's tongue; hold one's tongue; keep a civil tongue; on the tip of one's tongue; slip of the lip (tongue).

The muscular organ that is the main articulatory element in the production of speech and accounts for the clarity and fluidity of speech. Two groups of tongue muscles, the intrinsic and extrinsic, are united into one organ. Each group, however, has separate structural and functional characteristics.

Tongue. (Liebgott, 2001)

For more information on tongue, visit Britannica.com.

The common remark to people who complain of having a pimple or spot on their tongue, that they have been lying, is old indeed. In England it goes back at least to the 17th century—Shakespeare alludes to it (Winter's Tale (1611), ii. ii): ‘If I prove honeymouthed, let my tongue blister’, as do John Aubrey (1686/1880: 28) and several other 17th-century writers. But this is nothing compared to Theocritus (Idylls (c.275 BC), XII) ‘Nor midst my song shall tell-tale blisters rise, and gall my tongue’. The same thing about falsehood is said of people who accidentally bite their tongue when eating. The tip of a calf's tongue is regularly reported as a lucky charm, carried in the pocket and called the ‘lucky bit’, this was first mentioned in Northamptonshire in its mid-19th century (Sternberg, 1851: 172-3). Igglesden (c.1932: 127, 146) reports a surgeon who carried a tip of a human tongue, and a Thames bargee who believed in the luck of a cat's tongue.

Bibliography
The full bibliography list is available here.

• Opie and Tatem, 1989: 146
• Igglesden, c.1932: 127, 146
• Lean, 1903: ii. 296

A projecting member, either as a continuous ridge along the edge of a board or plank, or as a tenon on the end of a wood member; intended to be fitted into a corresponding groove or opening in another member to form a joint.

A muscular organ on the floor of the mouth; it aids in chewing, swallowing and speech, and is the location of organs of taste. The taste buds are located in the papillae, which are projections on the upper surface of the tongue.

• t. abscess — as well as true abscesses there are pseudoabscesses, common in companion birds, which are accumulations of inspissated, keratinized, epithelial debris, caused usually by a nutritional deficiency of vitamin A.
• bifid t. — a tongue with a lengthwise cleft.
• bird t. — see bird tongue.
• black t. — see blacktongue.
• cleft t. — bifid tongue.
• coated t. — one covered with a whitish or yellowish layer consisting of desquamated epithelium, debris, bacteria, fungi, etc.
• t. cyst — see thyroglossal cyst.
• t. deformity — the tongue may be shrunken because of prior inflammation, the tip may have been torn off, e.g. in lambs by predators. There is difficulty in prehending food and in managing in the mouth so that saliva and ruminal juices drool down the chin staining skin. Called tobacco chewers.
• t. edema — caused by local obstruction to venous blood flow, most dramatically displayed in a fetus presented anteriorly but delayed in parturition because of incompatibility in size between it and the birth canal, or bee or other hymenoptera sting.
• t. frenulum — see lingual frenulum.
• furrowed t. — a tongue with numerous furrows or grooves on the dorsal surface, often radiating from a groove on the midline.
• geographic t. — a tongue with denuded patches, surrounded by thickened epithelium.
• hairy t. — one with the papillae elongated and hairlike.
• t. hypertrophy — an occasional congenital anomaly in pigs.
• t. inflammation — see glossitis.
• inherited smooth t. — see smooth tongue.
• lolling t. — one that protrudes from the mouth, usually to one side. Seen in some short-nosed dogs and as a vice in horses.
• t. lyssa — see lyssa (2).
• t. paralysis — see glossoplegia.
• t. protrusion — caused by paralysis (hypoglossal nerve dysfunction), Phalaris spp. poisoning, swelling, e.g. edema, laceration.
• t. rolling — a vice in housed cattle. The animal rolls its tongue around in its half-opened mouth and may partially swallow it.
• scrotal t. — fissured tongue.
• t. vice — see tongue rolling (above).
• wooden t. — see actinobacillosis.
• t. worm — see linguatula serrata.

For other uses, see Tongue (disambiguation).

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2008)

Tongue
A human tongue
Latin	lingua
Gray's	subject #242 1125
Vein	lingual
Nerve	lingual nerve
Precursor	pharyngeal arches, lateral lingual swelling, tuberculum impar[1]
MeSH	Tongue
Dorlands/Elsevier	Tongue

This article about a trait that is shared between many species might have an extensive bias or disproportional coverage towards one species. Please improve this article or discuss the issue on the talk page.

The tongue is a muscle on the floor of the mouth that manipulates food for chewing and swallowing (deglutition). It is the primary organ of taste, as much of the upper surface of the tongue is covered in papillae and taste buds. A secondary function of the tongue is speech, in which the organ assists. It is sensitive and kept moist by saliva, and is richly supplied with nerves and blood vessels to help it move. ^[2]

Contents 1 Description 1.1 Structure 1.2 Muscles 1.3 Papillae and taste buds 1.4 Innervation 1.5 Vasculature 2 Length 3 Use in pharmacy 4 Secondary uses 5 Non-human tongues 6 Tongue rolling 7 As food 8 Etymology 8.1 Figures of speech 9 See also 10 Notes 11 External links

Description

Structure

Drawing of an anterior view of the tongue and oral cavity, with cheeks removed for clarity.

Lateral view of the tongue, with extrinsic muscles highlighted.

The tongue is made mainly of skeletal muscle. The tongue extends much further than is commonly perceived, past the posterior border of the mouth and into the oropharynx.

The dorsum (upper surface) of the tongue can be divided into two parts:

• an oral part (anterior two-thirds of the tongue) that lies mostly in the mouth
• a pharyngeal part (posterior third of the tongue), which faces backward to the oropharynx

The two parts are separated by a V-shaped groove, which marks the Terminal sulcus (tongue)

Other divisions of the tongue are based on the area of the tongue:

normal name	anatomical name	adjective
tongue tip	apex	apical
tongue blade	lamina	laminal
tongue dorsum	dorsum (back)	dorsal
tongue root	radix wanis	tongue body	corpus	corporeal

Muscles

Main article: Muscles of tongue

3/4 view of a 6.5 cm human tongue.

The intrinsic muscles lie entirely within the tongue, while the extrinsic muscles attach the tongue to other structures.

The extrinsic muscles reposition the tongue, while the intrinsic muscles alter the shape of the tongue for talking and swallowing.

Papillae and taste buds

See also: Taste bud

The oral part of the tongue is covered with small bumpy projections called papillae. There are four types of papillae:

• filiform (thread-shape)
• fungiform (mushroom-shape)
• circumvallate (ringed-circle)
• foliate (leaf-shape)

All papillae except the filiform have taste buds on their surface. The circumvallate are the largest of the papillae. There are 8 to 14 circumvallate papillae arranged in a V-shape in front of the sulcus terminalis, creating a border between the oral and pharyngeal parts of the tongue.

There are no lingual papillae on the underside of the tongue. It is covered with a smooth mucous membrane, with a fold (the lingual frenulum) in the center. If the lingual frenulum is too taut or too far forward, it can impede motion of the tongue, a condition called ankyloglossia.

The upper side of the posterior tongue (pharyngeal part) has no visible taste buds, but it is bumpy because of the lymphatic nodules lying underneath. These follicles are known as the lingual tonsil.

The human tongue can detect five basic taste components: sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami. The sense of taste is referred to as a gustatory sense. Contrary to the popular myth and generations of schoolbooks, there are no distinct regions for tasting different tastes. This myth arose because Edwin G. Boring replotted data from one of Wundt's students (Hanig) without labeling the axes, leading some to misinterpret the graph as all or nothing response.^[3] The common conception of taste has a significant contribution from olfaction.

Innervation

Motor innervation of the tongue is complex and involves several cranial nerves. All the muscles of the tongue are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII) with one exception: the palatoglossal muscle is innervated by the X cranial nerve, the Vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus.

Sensory innervation of the tongue is different for taste sensation and general sensation.

• For the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, general sensations and taste sensations are carried via different nerves.
  • Somatic sensations travel from the tongue via the lingual nerve, a major branch of the mandibular nerve (itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve). This nerve also carries general sensation from areas of the oral mucosa and gingiva of the lower teeth.
  • Taste sensation is carried to the facial nerve via the chorda tympani. The chorda tympani also carries parasympathetic fibers from the facial nerve to the submandibular ganglion.
• The posterior one-third of the tongue has a simpler innervation, as both taste and general sensations are carried by the glossopharyngeal nerve.

Vasculature

The underside of a human tongue

The tongue receives its blood supply primarily from the lingual artery, a branch of the external carotid artery. The floor of the mouth also receives its blood supply from the lingual artery.

There is also secondary blood supply to the tongue from the tonsillar branch of the facial artery and the ascending pharyngeal artery.

Length

The average length of the tongue from the oropharynx to the tip is 10 cm (4 in).^[4] Stephen Taylor holds the world record for the world's longest tongue. It measures 9.5 cm (3.7 in) from the tip to the center of his closed top lip. Annika Irmler holds the record for longest female tongue, at 7 cm (2.75 in).^[5]

Use in pharmacy

The sublingual region underneath the front of the tongue is a location where the oral mucosa is very thin, and underlain by a plexus of veins. This is an ideal location for introducing certain medications to the body. The sublingual route takes advantage of the highly vascular quality of the oral cavity, and allows for the speedy application of medication into the cardiovascular system, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. This is the only (apart from I.V. administration) convenient and efficacious route of administration of nitroglycerin to a patient suffering angina pectoris, chest pain. If the tablet is swallowed, the medication is completely neutralized by the detoxification process of the liver.^{[citation needed]}

Secondary uses

A woman licks a man's face.

In addition to eating and human vocalization, the human tongue has many secondary uses. These include certain forms of kissing known as "tongue kissing" or sometimes "french kissing" in which the tongue plays a primary role. Generally, use of the tongue (such as licking), or interaction between tongues, appears to be a common gesture of affection, not just in humans but throughout the animal kingdom, and particularly in mammals.

The tongue also has a distinct use in both male and female forms of oral sex, and is typically used to a great extent in foreplay, to tantalize for pleasure,^{[citation needed]} and in traditional sexual intercourse as well. Because of its use in both the phenomenon of human sexual interactions, the tongue sometimes is associated with a sensual or erotic connotation. In art the human tongue is often depicted as a seductive instrument, similar to the status of the lips.

A tongue piercing

The tongue is also one of the more common parts of the human anatomy to be subject to piercing and body modification, a phenomenon that is sometimes associated with certain subcultures or demographics. Tongue piercing has appeared historically in many ancient cultures, and is an increasingly popular trend in the West today, particularly in youth culture.

Showing tongue (tongue out) is an international emotional gesture used primarily by children, or by adults behaving (deliberately or not) in a childish manner.

The human tongue also plays a valuable role in other acts, such as for blowing bubbles with bubble gum and whistling.

Non-human tongues

An okapi using its tongue to scratch an itch

Most multi-cellular animals, that is, members of the subkingdom Metazoa, have tongues or similar organs.

In animals such as dogs and cats, the tongue is often used to clean the fur and body. Rough textures of the tongues of these species helps them to use their tongues to remove oils and parasites by licking themselves and each other. Aside from daily uses for eating and drinking, a dog's tongue acts as a heat regulator. As a dog increases its exercise the tongue will increase in size due to greater blood flow. The tongue hangs out of the dog's mouth and the moisture on the tongue will work to cool the bloodflow.^[6][7]

Some animals have prehensile tongues. For example, chameleons, frogs, anteaters, and some species of fish use their tongues to catch prey. Many insects have a type of tongue called a proboscis that is used for the same purpose or, in the case of butterflies, to drink nectar.^[8] The corresponding organ in ants is called the hypopharynx.^[9] Molluscs have a rough tongue called a radula,^[10] which they use to grind food.

Fish generally do not have a true tongue, although there are a few exceptions. The "tongue" of lampreys, for instance, is a rasping organ not homologous with the tongue of tetrapods such as humans.^[11]

Tongue rolling

Rolled Tongue

Cloverleaf Tongue

Tongue rolling is the act of rolling the tongue axially into a tube shape. The ability to roll the tongue has been generally believed to depend on genetic inheritance. Tongue rolling was believed to be a dominant trait with simple Mendelian inheritance, and is still commonly used as an example in high school and introductory biology courses. It provided a simple experiment to demonstrate inheritance.

There is little laboratory evidence, though, for the common belief that tongue rolling is inheritable and dominant. A 1975 twin study found that identical twins (who share all of their genes) were no more likely than fraternal twins (who share an average of half) to both have the same phenotype for tongue rolling.^[12][13]

Some people are able to generate a high pitched sound by blowing air through their rolled tongue.^{[citation needed]}

Cloverleaf tongue is the ability to fold the tongue in a particular configuration with multiple bends. To the extent to which it is genetic, it is probably a dominant trait distinct from tongue rolling.^[13]

As food

The tongues of some animals are consumed and sometimes considered delicacies. In America and the United Kingdom, cow tongues are among the more common. Hot tongue sandwiches are frequently found on menus in Kosher delicatessens in America. In the United Kingdom tongue can often be found at the local grocer, where it is often sold in reformed slices of meat after being ground up and set in gelatine. Taco de lengua (lengua being Spanish for tongue) is a taco filled with beef tongue, and is especially popular in Mexican cuisine. Tongue can also be prepared as birria. Pig and beef tongue are consumed in Chinese cuisine. Duck tongues are sometimes employed in Szechuan dishes, while lamb's tongue is occasionally employed in Continental and contemporary American cooking. Fried cod tongue is a relatively common part of fish meals in Norway and Newfoundland. In the Czech Republic & Poland, a pork tongue is considered a delicacy,and there are many ways of preparing it.

Etymology

The word tongue can be used as a metonym for language, as in the phrase mother tongue. Many Indo-European languages^[14] have the same word for "tongue" and "language". Webster's Dictionary initially spelled the word Tung.^{[citation needed]}

Figures of speech

A common temporary failure in word retrieval from memory is referred to as the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. The expression tongue in cheek refers to a statement that is not to be taken entirely seriously; something said or done with subtle ironic humour. "Tongue twisted" is a term used to described being unable to pronounce a word or phrase correctly. A tongue twister is a phrase made specifically to be very difficult to pronounce. "Tongue-tied" means being unable to say what you want to due to confusion or restriction. The phrase "cat got your tongue" refers to when a person is speechless.

See also

• Electronic tongue
• Language
• List of Mendelian traits in humans
• Taste buds on the tongue
• Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
• Tongue splitting
• Tongue cleaner
• Tongue piercing
• Tongue-twister
• Vocal tract
• Tongue disease
• Oral cancer

Notes

1. ^ hednk-024 — Embryology at UNC
2. ^ Maton, Anthea; Jean Hopkins, Charles William McLaughlin, Susan Johnson, Maryanna Quon Warner, David LaHart, Jill D. Wright (1993). Human Biology and Health. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-981176-1. 
3. ^ Bartoshuk, L.M. (1989). Taste: Robust across the Age Span? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 561, pp. 65-75.
4. ^ Robin Kerrod (1997). MacMillan's Encyclopedia of Science. 6. Macmillan Publishing Company, Inc.. ISBN 0028645588. 
5. ^ "'I've got the world's longest tongue'". CBBC Newsround. 2001-11-09. http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/world/newsid_1646000/1646912.stm. Retrieved 2007-04-24. 
6. ^ http://www.doctordog.com/drdognewsletter/tongue.html
7. ^ http://www.springerlink.com/content/n3u34u4220384846/
8. ^ http://magazine.audubon.org/backyard/backyard.html
9. ^ http://jlibsch.web.wesleyan.edu/Ant/Morphology/Head.html
10. ^ http://www.qi.com/talk/viewtopic.php?t=917&start=9&sid=a89c9e116f8a414bbfe36cbf6413bc90
11. ^ Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 298-299. ISBN 0-03-910284-X. 
12. ^ Discovery Online, The Skinny On... Tongue Rolling
13. ^ ^{a b} Omim - Tongue Curling, Folding, Or Rolling
14. ^ Afrikaans (tong), Albanian (gjuha), Catalan (llengua), Portuguese (língua), French (langue), Maltese, (ilsien), Arabic (???? lisa-n), Romanian (limba), Russian (???? yazyk), Bulgarian (ezik), Persian (zabaan), Greek (??????), Spanish (lengua), Polish ("język"), Slovak, Czech, Slovene, Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian (jezik), Armenian (?????), Finnish (kieli), Estonian (keel),Filipino ("Dila"], Irish (teanga), Italian(lingua), Latin (lingua), Urdu (zabaan), Aramaic (????/???? liša-na-), Hungarian (nyelv), Hebrew (??????? lashon), Turkish (dil), and Danish (tunge)

External links

University of Manitoba, Anatomy of the Vocal Tract

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: tongue

Look up tongue in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

v • d • e Head and neck anatomy, digestive system: Mouth anatomy (TA A05.1-2, GA 11.1110-2, 1125-1141) Mouth Vestibule of mouth Lip (Upper, Lower, Vermillion border) · Philtrum Oral cavity proper Palate/ roof of mouth Hard palate · Soft palate · Palatine raphe · Incisive papilla Tongue dorsum (Taste bud, Median sulcus, Terminal sulcus, Foramen cecum, Lingual tonsils) · underside (Frenulum, Fimbriated fold, Sublingual caruncle) · Anterior · Posterior · Glossoepiglottic folds Other Teeth · Gingiva (Interdental papilla, Gingival sulcus, Gingival margin) · Oral mucosa · Buccal fat pad Salivary glands Parotid gland/Parotid duct · Submandibular gland/Submandibular duct · Sublingual gland/Major sublingual duct Oro-pharynx arches/fauces (Palatoglossal, Palatopharyngeal) · Oropharyngeal isthmus/Isthmus of the fauces · Palatine tonsil · Uvula mouth navs: anat/dev, noncongen/congen face/congen GI/neoplasia, symptoms, proc

v • d • e Sensory system: Gustatory system (TA 15.4, GA 10.991) Tongue Taste bud (Circumvallate papillae, Filiform papilla, Fungiform papilla) · Foliate papillae Path CN (VII, IX, X) → Solitary nucleus (Gustatory nucleus) → Central tegmental tract → Ventral posteromedial nucleus → Gustatory cortex Other Basic tastes taste navs: anatomy, symptoms/signs

v • d • e Taste Basic tastes Sweetness · Bitterness · Sourness · Saltiness · Umami Disorders Ageusia · Dysgeusia Other Aftertaste · Acquired taste · Epiglottis · Pharynx · Pungency · Scoville scale · Soft palate · Supertasters · Tongue See also: Sight · Hearing · Smell · Touch

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Common misspelling(s) of tongue

• tounge

Dansk (Danish)
n. - tunge, mål, dialekt, sprog, landtange, knebel
v. tr. - sammenpløje
v. intr. - række tunge, spille med tungestød

idioms:

• get one's tongue round    udtale
• hold one's tongue    holde mund med
• tongue depressor    tungespatel
• tongue in cheek    underfundig, ironisk
• tongue lashing    udskældning
• tongue of flame    kraftig udskældning
• tongue tied    tavs, stum
• tongue twister    svært ord eller svær sætning
• tongues are wagging    snakken går, sladderen går
• with one's tongue hanging out    gispe af tørst

Nederlands (Dutch)
tong, taal, (ossen)tong, leertje (over wreef van schoen), tongvormig iets (land of vuur), klepel

Français (French)
n. - (Anat, fig) langue, langue (étrangère), (Culin) langue, languette, langue (d'une flamme)
v. tr. - (Mus) détacher, (Mus) attaquer en coup de langue
v. intr. - (Mus) détacher

idioms:

• get one's tongue round    arriver à prononcer
• hold one's tongue    tenir sa langue
• tongue depressor    (Méd) abaisse-langue
• tongue in cheek    au deuxième degré
• tongue lashing    (faire) des remarques cinglantes
• tongue of flame    langue de feu
• tongue twister    phrase amusante pour exercices de diction
• tongues are wagging    cela va faire jaser
• with one's tongue hanging out    avec la langue pendante

Deutsch (German)
n. - Zunge, Sprache, Klöppel, Dorn, Lasche
v. - mit Zungenstoß blasen

idioms:

• get one's tongue round    aussprechen
• hold one's tongue    schweigen
• tongue depressor    Zungenspatel
• tongue in cheek    nicht ernst gemeint, ironisch
• tongue lashing    Standpauke
• tongue of flame    Flammenzunge
• tongue twister    Zungenbrecher
• tongues are wagging    klatschen
• with one's tongue hanging out    mit (heraus)hängender Zunge

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - (ανατ.) γλώσσα, (μαγειρ.) βοδινή γλώσσα, (μτφ.), λαλιά
v. - συναρμόζω με τόρμο (κν. μορσάρω)

idioms:

• get one's tongue round    μπερδεύομαι κατά την εκφορά
• hold one's tongue    σιωπώ, κρατώ τη γλώσσα μου
• tongue depressor    (ιατρ.) γλωσσοκάτοχο
• tongue in cheek    ειρωνικά, στ' αστεία
• tongue lashing    εξάψαλμος, κατσάδα
• tongue of flame    γλώσσα φωτιάς
• tongue tied    σιωπηλός, άφωνος, βουβός (από κατάπληξη), που κομπιάζει
• tongue twister    γλωσσοδέτης
• tongues are wagging    πέφτει πολλή κουβέντα
• with one's tongue hanging out    με τη γλώσσα κρεμασμένη, υπερπρόθυμα

Italiano (Italian)
lingua, battaglio

idioms:

• get your tongue round    riuscire a pronunciare
• hold your tongue    acqua in bocca, taci
• tongue in cheek    ironico
• tongue lashing    sgridata
• tongue of flame    incensato
• tongue tied    ammutolito
• tongue twister    scioglilingua
• with one's tongue hanging out    con la lingua fuori

Português (Portuguese)
n. - língua (f), idioma (f), linguagem (f)
v. - censurar, repreender, lamber

idioms:

• get your tongue round    cala a boca
• hold your tongue    calar-se
• tongue in cheek    falar brincando, com ironia, sarcasticamente
• tongue lashing    descompostura, reprimenda, bronca
• tongue of flame    língua (f) de fogo (fíg.)
• tongue tied    de língua presa, mudo, sem fala
• tongue twister    trava língua, palavra ou frase difícil de repetir
• with one's tongue hanging out    surpreso, com água na boca

Русский (Russian)
(анат.) язык, речь, система словесного творчества различных народов (русский яз.), манера говорить (злой яз.), (кул.) (копченый) язык, язык, ботинка

idioms:

• get your tongue round    трудно произносимое слово
• hold your tongue    придержи свой язык, замолчи
• tongue in cheek    лукавый/ирони- ческий/насмеш- ливый/неискрен- ний/издева- тельский
• tongue lashing    разбранить
• tongue of flame    пламя, языки пламени
• tongue tied    лишенный дара речи (от изумления и т.п.)
• tongue twister    скороговорка, труднопроизносимое слово или фраза
• with one's tongue hanging out    "с высунутым (от изнеможения) языком", чрезвычайно уставший

Español (Spanish)
n. - lengua, idioma, badajo, lengüeta
v. tr. - reñir , reprender, dar voz o expresión, engargolar, lamer, exclamar
v. intr. - hablar, charlar, echar lenguas de fuego, llamear, ladrar (el perro en la caza)

idioms:

• get one's tongue round    pronunciar palabras, algo difícil de pronunciar, trabalenguas
• hold one's tongue    cállese, callarse
• tongue depressor    espátula de madera utilizada por médicos para ver las amígdalas
• tongue in cheek    irónico, dicho con sorna
• tongue lashing    bronca
• tongue of flame    lenguas de fuego
• tongue twister    trabalenguas
• tongues are wagging    habladurías y chismes
• with one's tongue hanging out    con la lengua fuera

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - tunga, mål, målföre, språk, dialekt, tungomål
v. - spela med tungstöt (mus.), sponta (snick.)

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
舌, 讲话的方式, 语言能力, 舔, 斥责, 闲谈, 用舌吹奏管乐器, 饶舌, 说话, 呈舌形突出

idioms:

• get one's tongue round    正确发出...的音
• hold one's tongue    保持沉默, 不开口
• tongue depressor    压舌板, 压舌器
• tongue in cheek    无诚意的, 不可当真的, 假心假意的
• tongue lashing    严斥, 大声的斥责
• tongue of flame    毒舌
• tongue tied    张口结舌的, 结结巴巴的
• tongue twister    绕口令
• tongues are wagging    议论纷纷
• with one's tongue hanging out    口渴, 渴望着

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 舌, 講話的方式, 語言能力
v. tr. - 舔, 斥責, 閒談
v. intr. - 用舌吹奏管樂器, 饒舌, 說話, 呈舌形突出

idioms:

• get one's tongue round    正確發出...的音
• hold one's tongue    保持沈默, 不開口
• tongue depressor    壓舌板, 壓舌器
• tongue in cheek    無誠意的, 不可當真的, 假心假意的
• tongue lashing    嚴斥, 大聲的斥責
• tongue of flame    毒舌
• tongue tied    張口結舌的, 結結巴巴的
• tongue twister    繞口令
• tongues are wagging    議論紛紛
• with one's tongue hanging out    口渴, 渴望著

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 혀, 혀처럼 생긴 것
v. tr. - 혀로 불다, 말하다, 욕하다
v. intr. - 혀를 쓰다, 냄새를 맡고 짖다, 넘실거리다

idioms:

• get one's tongue round    발음하기 어려운 말을 바르게 발음하다
• with one's tongue hanging out    목이 말라, 갈망하여

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 舌, 言語, 舌肉, 話し方, 話す力, 細長い岬, 舌状の物, 言葉
v. - 舐める

idioms:

• forked tongue    二枚舌
• get your tongue round    正しく発音する
• tongue depressor    舌圧子
• tongue in cheek    冗談めかして, 本心と違って
• tongue lashing    激しく非難する
• tongue of flame    炎の舌
• tongue tied    口止めする
• tongue twister    早口言葉, 早口ことば
• with one's tongue hanging out    のどが渇いて, 渇望して

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) كلام, لسان (فعل) يثرثر, يتكلم‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮שפת-דיבור, לשון‬
v. tr. - ‮יצר הפסקות נגינה בחליל בלשונו‬
v. intr. - ‮השתמש בלשון ליצור הפסקות נגינה בחליל‬

If you are unable to view some languages clearly, click here.

To select your translation preferences click here.