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tonic

 
Dictionary: ton·ic   (tŏn'ĭk) pronunciation
 
n.
  1. An agent, such as a medication, that restores or increases body tone.
  2. An invigorating, refreshing, or restorative agent or influence.
  3. See tonic water.
  4. Boston. See soft drink.
  5. Music. The first note of a diatonic scale; the keynote.
  6. Linguistics. A tonic accent.
adj.
  1. Producing or stimulating physical, mental, or emotional vigor.
    1. Physiology. Of, relating to, or producing tone or tonicity in muscles or tissue: a tonic reflex.
    2. Medicine. Characterized by continuous tension or contraction of muscles: a tonic convulsion or spasm.
  2. Music. Of or based on the keynote.
  3. Stressed, as a syllable; accented.

[New Latin tonicus, of tension or tone, from Greek tonikos, capable of extension, from tonos, a stretching, tone. See tone.]

tonically ton'i·cal·ly adv.

REGIONAL NOTE   Generic terms for carbonated soft drinks vary widely in the United States. Probably the two most common words competing for precedence are soda, used in the northeast United States as well as St. Louis and vicinity, and pop, used from the Midwest westward. In the South any soft drink, regardless of flavor or brand name, is referred to as a Coke, cold drink, or just plain drink. Speakers in Boston and its environs have a term of their own: tonic. Such a variety of regional equivalents is unusual for a product for which advertising is so aggressive and universal; usually advertising has the effect of squeezing out regional variants. On the other hand, there are so many types and flavors of soft drinks that perhaps no single generic word has ever emerged to challenge the regionalisms. See Note at dope.


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Thesaurus: tonic
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noun

    A medicine that restores or increases vigor: restorative, roborant. Informal bracer, pick-me-up. See help/harm/harmless.

adjective

    Producing or stimulating physical, mental, or emotional vigor: bracing, energizing, exhilarant, exhilarating, innerving, intoxicating, invigorating, refreshing, reinvigorating, renewing, restorative, roborant, stimulating. See help/harm/harmless.

 

In the major-minor tonal system, the main note of a key (its key note), after which the key is named; the name of the scale-step or degree of that note; the triad built on that note.



 

1. producing and restoring normal tone.
2. characterized by continuous tension.
3. a patent medicine dedicated to the restoration of normal ‘tone’ to bodily functions generally. Usually a pharmaceutical rag-bag of stimulants, aromatics and alcohol, the paramount example of polypharmacy.

  • t.–clonic — see clonic–tonic.
  • t. convulsion — see tonic seizure.
  • t. neck response — a postural reaction in which extension of the head and neck causes extension of the forelimbs in a normal dog or cat.
  • t. seizure — see tonic seizure.
 
Music: Tonic
Top

The key center, or foundation of, a scale or melody.

 
Word Tutor: tonic
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pronunciation

IN BRIEF: A medicine that strengthens and invigorates.

pronunciation There is no medicine like hope, no incentive so great, and no tonic so powerful as expectation of something tomorrow. — Orison Swett Marden (1850-1924)

 
Wikipedia: Tonic (music)
Top
Tonic (I) in ii-V-I turnaround on C, found at the end of the circle progression Ii-V-I turnaround in C.mid Play

The tonic is the first note of a musical scale in the tonal method of musical composition. The triad formed on the tonic note, the tonic chord, is thus the most significant chord. More generally, the tonic is the pitch upon which all other pitches of a piece are hierarchically referenced. The tonic is often confused with the root, which is the reference note of a chord, rather than that of the scale.

Circle progression on C goes through tonic, subdominant, leading-tone, mediant, submediant, supertonic, and dominant before returning to tonic: I-IV-viio-iii-vi-ii-V-I Circle progression in major.ogg Play

After tonic, the names of the remaining scale degrees (of a diatonic scale) in order are as follows:
supertonic — second scale degree (the scale degree immediately "above" the tonic);
mediant — third scale degree (the "middle" note of the tonic triad);
subdominant — fourth scale degree (a fifth "below" the tonic);
dominant — fifth scale degree (the most "pronounced" harmonic note after the tonic);
submediant — sixth scale degree (the "middle" note of the subdominant triad);
leading tone (or leading note) — seventh scale degree (the scale degree that "leads" to the tonic);
subtonic - also seventh scale degree, but applying to the lowered 7th found in the natural minor scale.

In western European tonal music of the 18th and 19th centuries, the tonic center was the most important of all the different tone centers which a composer used in a piece of music, with most pieces beginning and ending on the tonic, usually modulating to the dominant (the fifth above the tonic, or the fourth note down from the tonic) in between.

There can be major scales and minor scales. The tonic remains the same in these two different "modes," for a given key, whereas scale degrees such as the third degree and the sixth degree are altered in the minor scale.

This can be seen another way. Each minor scale uses exactly the same set of notes (key signature) as some major scale and vice-versa. The only difference is which of these notes functions as the tonal center — which of them is the tonic. For example, C major and A minor have no sharps or flats. Consequently, the tonic plays an important part in determining why music composed using a minor mode sounds different from music composed using a major mode.

A tonic may be considered a tonal center, while a pitch center functions referentially or contextually in an atonal context, often acting as axis or line of symmetry in an interval cycle.[1] Pitch centricity was coined by Arthur Berger in his "Problems of Pitch Organization in Stravinsky".[2]

The tonic diatonic function includes four separate activities or roles as the principal goal tone, initiating event, generator of other tones, and the stable center neutralizing the tension between dominant and subdominant.

See also

References

  1. ^ Samson, Jim (1977). Music in transition: a study of tonal expansion and atonality, 1900-1920. New York City: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-02193-9. OCLC 3240273. [page needed]
  2. ^ Berger, Arthur (Fall/Winter 1963). "Problems of Pitch Organization in Stravinsky". Perspectives of New Music 2 (1): 11–42. 

Further reading


 
Translations: Tonic
Top

Dansk (Danish)
n. - stimulans, styrkende middel, opstrammer
adj. - stimulerende, styrkende, opstrammende, tone-

idioms:

  • tonic water    tonic

Nederlands (Dutch)
tonic (water), tonicum, grondtoon

Français (French)
n. - schweppes, (Méd, fig) remontant tonique, plein d'entrain, (Mus) tonique, (Ling) (syllabe) tonique
adj. - tonique

idioms:

  • tonic water    eau tonique, tonic, Schweppes

Deutsch (German)
n. - Tonic, Tonikum, Stärkungsmittel, Grundton, Tonika
adj. - tonisch, stärkend

idioms:

  • tonic water    Tonic

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - τονωτικό (φάρμακο κ.λπ.), δυναμωτικό, (μουσ.) τονική
adj. - τονωτικός, δυναμωτικός

idioms:

  • tonic water    τόνικ γουότερ, ανθρακούχο μεταλλικό νερό με κινίνη

Italiano (Italian)
acqua tonica, tonico, tonica

idioms:

  • tonic water    acqua tonica

Português (Portuguese)
n. - reconstituinte (m), fortificante (m)
adj. - tônico (m), reconstituinte (m)

idioms:

  • tonic water    água tônica (f)

Русский (Russian)
укрепляющее средство, тонизирующее лекарство

idioms:

  • tonic water    тонизирующий напиток

Español (Spanish)
n. - tónica, tónico, dominante
adj. - tónico, tonificante, vigorizador

idioms:

  • tonic water    agua tónica, aguaquina

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - tonic, tonikum, stärkande medel, tonika, grundton (mus.)
adj. - stärkande, uppfriskande, tonisk, ihållande (med.), tonisk (mus.)

中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
补药, 主音, 生发水, 浊音, 滋补的, 强直的, 使人精神振奋的, 声调的

idioms:

  • tonic water    奎宁苏打水, 开胃水

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 補藥, 主音, 生髮水, 濁音
adj. - 滋補的, 強直的, 使人精神振奮的, 聲調的

idioms:

  • tonic water    奎寧蘇打水, 開胃水

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 강장제, 주음, 주요한 양음
adj. - 튼튼하게 하는, 주음의, 강세가 있는

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 強壮剤, 養毛剤, 元気づけるもの, 主音, トニック
adj. - 強壮にする, 元気づける, 主音の

idioms:

  • tonic water    キニーネ水

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) دواء مقوي أو منشط (صفه) منشط, مقو, توتري‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮סם חיזוק, טוניק, מותח שרירים, מרענן, מחזק, השלב הראשון בסולם מוסיקלי המהווה את טון היסוד של יצירה‬
adj. - ‮מותח שרירים, מרענן, מחזק, השלב הראשון בסולם מוסיקלי המהווה את טון היסוד של יצירה‬


 
 

 

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