topsoil

n.
The upper part of the soil.

tr.v., -soiled, -soil·ing, -soils.
To remove the surface layer of soil from (land).

The cultivated soil; the surface soil as opposed to the subsoil.

1. The surface of upper layer of soil, as distinct from the subsoil; usually contains organic matter.
2. See loam.

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[Ge]

A generic term referring to the uppermost horizons of a soil profile that generally contain high levels of organic material and the root systems of surface vegetation. From the top down these comprise: the L horizon of loose leaf litter; the F horizon of organic residues undergoing comminution by the soil fauna; the H horizon of completely humified material; and the A horizon composed of a mixture of organic material and mineral components variously worked by the actions of earthworms and other soil fauna. The mixture of mineral and organic matter produced by earthworm activity is known as mull humus.

The thin, rich layer of soil where most nutrients for plants are found.

Most of the land-based biological activity of the Earth takes place here.

The loss of topsoil through erosion is a major agricultural problem.

Soil that contains humus as well as mineral elements, as opposed to subsoil, which contains only the latter. See also Soil.

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Dansk (Danish)
n. - muldlag
v. tr. - fjerne muldlaget

Nederlands (Dutch)
bovengrond

Français (French)
n. - terre arable
v. tr. - retirer la couche arable de la terre

Deutsch (German)
n. - Mutterboden, Ackerkrume
v. - mit Mutterboden bedecken

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - επιφανειακό έδαφος

Italiano (Italian)
terriccio, humus

Português (Portuguese)
n. - solo arável (m)

Русский (Russian)
верхний (пахотный) слой почвы

Español (Spanish)
n. - capa superficial del suelo, tierra vegetal, mantillo
v. tr. - cubrir la tierra con mantillo

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - matjord

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
上层土, 表层土, 去掉...的表土, 用表土覆盖

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 上層土, 表層土
v. tr. - 去掉...的表土, 用表土覆蓋

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 표토
v. tr. - 표토로 덮다, 표토를 제거하다

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 表土
v. - 表土でおおう, から表土を除去する

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) سطح ألتربه, ألتربه ألفوقيه‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮שכבה עליונה (בקרקע), פני האדמה‬
v. tr. - ‮כיסה (אדמה) בשכבה העליונה‬

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