There are too many to list exhaustively, but here are some
examples:
galena -> lead
sphalerite -> zinc
bornite, cuprite, chalcopyrite -> copper
hematite, magnetite -> iron
molybdenite -> molybdenum
cassiterite -> tin
uraninite, torbernite -> uranium
thorite -> thorium
halite (salt) -> sodium
chromite, magnesiochromite -> chromium
sylvanite -> gold
magnesite -> magnesium
greenockite -> cadmium