the three kinds of rules in generative transformational grammar are transformational, morphophonemic, and phrase structure

In linguistics, a transformational grammar, or transformational-generative grammar (TGG), is a generative grammar, especially of a natural language, that has been developed in a Chomskyan tradition. Additionally, transformational grammar is the Chomskyan tradition that gives rise to specific transformational grammars. Much current research in transformational grammar is inspired by Chomsky's Minimalist Program.[1]

False. Structural grammar appeared in the 1950's and transformational grammar appeared 1957.

The body of words/vocabulary.

Noam Chomsky is who you are looking for.