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Treaty of Karlowitz

 
 
Columbia Encyclopedia: Treaty of Karlowitz
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Karlowitz, Treaty of (kär'lōvĭts), 1699, peace treaty signed at Sremski Karlovci (Ger. Karlowitz), N Serbia. It was concluded between the Ottoman Empire on the one side and Austria, Poland, and Venice on the other. The preceding war (1683-97) had resulted in the Ottoman defeat in 1697, thereby forcing the Ottomans to consent to the treaty. All Hungary (including Transylvania but not the Banat of Temesvar), Croatia, and Slavonia were ceded to Austria by the Ottomans. Podolia passed to Poland, and the Peloponnesus and most of Dalmatia passed to Venice. Russia, also at war with the Ottomans, captured Azov in 1696 and concluded a separate peace treaty with Turkey in 1700. The Venetian gains were lost again at the Treaty of Passarowitz (1718). The Treaty of Karlowitz, which crowned the successful campaign of Prince Eugene of Savoy, marked the beginning of the Ottoman Empire's disintegration.

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Poland after the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699

The Treaty (Peace) of Karlowitz (Karlovci) was signed on 26 January 1699 in Sremski Karlovci (Serbian Cyrillic: Сремски Карловци, Croatian: Srijemski Karlovci, German: Karlowitz, Turkish: Karlofça, Hungarian: Karlóca), a town in modern-day Serbia, concluding the Austro-Ottoman War of 1683–1697 in which the Ottoman side had finally been defeated at the Battle of Zenta.

Following a two-month congress between the Ottoman Empire on one side and the Holy League of 1684, a coalition of various European powers including the Habsburg Monarchy, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Republic of Venice and Peter I of Russia[1], a treaty was signed on 26 January 1699. The Ottomans ceded most of those territories to the Habsburg Monarchy, which were conquered from Hungary after 1526, while Podolia was returned to Poland. Most of Dalmatia passed to Venice, along with the Morea (the Peloponnesus peninsula), which the Ottomans reconquered in 1715 and regained in the Treaty of Passarowitz of 1718.

The Treaty of Karlowitz marked the beginning of the Ottoman decline, and made the Habsburg Monarchy the dominant power in Central Europe.

References

  1. ^ Robert Bideleux, Ian Jeffries, p. 86.

Sources

  • Bideleux, Robert., Jeffries, Ian., A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change, Routledge, New York, 1998 ISBN 0415161118

External links

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Polish truces and peace treaties
Kingdom of Poland
Polish–Lithuanian
Commonwealth
Second Polish Republic
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Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/.  Read more
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