trespass

1. To commit an offense or a sin; transgress or err.
2. Law. To commit an unlawful injury to the person, property, or rights of another, with actual or implied force or violence, especially to enter onto another's land wrongfully.
3. To infringe on the privacy, time, or attention of another: "I must . . . not trespass too far on the patience of a good-natured critic" (Henry Fielding).

1. Transgression of a moral or social law, code, or duty.
2. Law.
   1. The act of trespassing.
   2. A suit brought for trespassing.
3. An intrusion or infringement on another. See synonyms at breach.

[Middle English trespassen, from Old French trespasser : tres-, over (from Latin trāns-; see trans-) + passer, to pass; see pass.]

Unlawful entry or possession of property.

Unlawful entry or Possession of property.
Example: Thompson rents an apartment from Turner. When Thompson is away, Turner enters with a passkey and checks on the apartment's condition. Even though Turner owns the property, he is guilty of trespass, since the right to possession has been granted to Thompson exclusively. It is possible for Turner to reserve the right to enter the property periodically.
Example: Smith fenced in his farm and posted signs to prevent trespass by hunters.

verb

1. To violate a moral or divine law: err, offend, sin, transgress. See right/wrong.
2. To enter forcibly or illegally: break in, burglarize. See crimes, enter/exit.

noun

1. An act or instance of breaking a law or regulation or of nonfulfillment of an obligation or promise, for example: breach, contravention, infraction, infringement, transgression, violation. See right/wrong.
2. The act of entering a building or room with the intent to commit theft: break-in, burglary. See crimes.
3. An advance beyond proper or legal limits: encroachment, entrenchment, impingement, infringement, intrusion, obtrusion. See enter/exit.

Definition: invasion, offense
Antonyms: retreat

v

Definition: infringe, offend
Antonyms: retreat

For more information on trespass, visit Britannica.com.

An unlawful intrusion that interferes with one's person or property.

Tort law originated in England with the action of trespass. In modern law trespass is an unauthorized entry upon land, but initially trespass was any wrongful conduct directly causing injury or loss. A trespass gives the aggrieved party the right to bring a civil lawsuit and collect damages as compensation for the interference and for any harm suffered. Trespass is an intentional tort and in some circumstances can be punished as a crime.

Common-Law Form of Action

Trespass is one of the ancient forms of action that arose under the common law of England as early as the thirteenth century. It was considered a breach of the king's peace for which the wrongdoer might be summoned before the king's court to respond in a civil proceeding for the harm caused. Because the king's courts were primarily interested in land ownership disputes, the more personal action of trespass developed slowly at first.

Around the middle of the fourteenth century, the clerks of the king's courts began routinely giving out writs that permitted a plaintiff to begin a trespass action. Before that time criminal remedies for trespass were more common. The courts were primarily concerned with punishing the trespasser rather than compensating the landowner. From the beginning a defendant convicted of trespass was fined; a defendant who could not pay the fine was imprisoned. The fine in this criminal proceeding developed into an award of damages to the plaintiff. This change marked the beginning of tort action under the common law.

As trespass developed into a means of compelling the defendant to compensate the plaintiff for injury to his property interests, it took two forms: an action for trespass on real property and an action for injury to personal property.

In an action for trespass on land, the plaintiff could recover damages for the defendant's forcible interference with the plaintiff's possession of his land. Even the slightest entry onto the land without the plaintiff's permission gave the plaintiff the right to damages in a nominal sum.

An action for trespass to chattels was available to seek damages from anyone who had intentionally or forcibly injured personal property. The injury could include carrying off the plaintiff's property or harming it, destroying it, or keeping the plaintiff from holding or using it as she had a right to do.

Later, an additional cause of action was recognized for injuries that were not forcible or direct. This action was called trespass on the case or action on the case because its purpose was to protect the plaintiff's legal rights, rather than her person or land, from intentional force.

Over the years the courts recognized other forms of actions that permitted recovery for injuries that did not exactly fit the forms of trespass or trespass on the case. Eventually, writs were also issued for these various types of actions. For example, a continuing trespass was a permanent invasion of someone's rights, as when a building overhung a neighbor's land. A trespass for mesne profits was a form of action against a tenant who wrongfully took profits, such as a crop, from the property while he occupied it. A trespass to try title was a form of action to recover possession of real property from someone who was not entitled to it. This action "tried title" so that the court could order possession for the person who turned out to be the rightful owner.

These common-law forms of action had serious shortcomings. A plaintiff who could not fit her complaint exactly into one of the forms could not proceed in court, even if she obviously had been wronged. Modern law has remedied this situation by enacting rules of civil procedure that replace the common-law forms with more flexible ways of wording a civil complaint. The various trespass actions are still important, however, because modern property laws are largely based on them. The rights protected remain in force, and frequently even the old names are still used.

Trespass to Land

In modern law the word trespass is used most commonly to describe the intentional and wrongful invasion of another's real property. An action for trespass can be maintained by the owner or anyone else who has a lawful right to occupy the real property, such as the owner of an apartment building, a tenant, or a member of the tenant's family. The action can be maintained against anyone who interferes with the right of ownership or possession, whether the invasion is by a person or by something that a person has set in motion. For example, a hunter who enters fields where hunting is forbidden is a trespasser, and so is a company that throws rocks onto neighboring land when it is blasting.

Every unlawful entry onto another's property is trespass, even if no harm is done to the property. A person who has a right to come onto the land may become a trespasser by committing wrongful acts after entry. For example, a mail carrier has a privilege to walk up the sidewalk at a private home but is not entitled to go through the front door. A person who enters property with permission but stays after he has been told to leave also commits a trespass. Moreover, an intruder cannot defend himself in a trespass action by showing that the plaintiff did not have a completely valid legal right to the property. The reason for all of these rules is that the action of trespass exists to prevent breaches of the peace by protecting the quiet possession of real property.

In a trespass action, the plaintiff does not have to show that the defendant intended to trespass but only that she intended to do whatever caused the trespass. It is no excuse that the trespasser mistakenly believed that she was not doing wrong or that she did not understand the wrong. A child can be a trespasser, as can a person who thought that she was on her own land.

Injury to the property is not necessary for the defendant to be guilty of trespass, although the amount of damages awarded will generally reflect the extent of the harm done to the property. For example, a person could sue bird-watchers who intruded onto his land but would probably receive only nominal damages. A farmer who discovers several persons cutting down valuable hardwood trees for firewood could recover a more substantial amount in damages.

Trespassers are responsible for nearly all the consequences of their unlawful entry, including those that could not have been anticipated or are the result of nothing more wrongful than the trespass itself. For example, if a trespasser carefully lights a fire in the stove of a lake cabin and a fault in the stove causes the cabin to burn down, the trespasser can be held liable for the fire damage.

Courts have had to consider how far above and below the ground the right to possession of land extends. In United States v. Causby, 328 U.S. 256, 66 S. Ct. 1062, 90 L. Ed. 1206 (1946), the U.S. Supreme Court held the federal government liable for harm caused to a poultry business by low-altitude military flights. The Court concluded that because the airspace above land is like a public highway, ordinary airplane flights cannot commit trespass. In this case, however, the planes were flying below levels approved by federal law and regulations, so the government was held responsible. Its activity was a "taking" of private property, for which the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution requires just compensation.

It may be a trespass to tunnel or mine under another person's property, to force water or soil under the property, or to build a foundation that crosses under the boundary line. Underground encroachments are usually an exception to the rule that no harm needs to be shown in order to prove a trespass. Generally, trespass actions are permitted only where there is some damage to the surface or some interference with the owner's rights to use her property.

Trespass by One Entitled to Possession

In nearly all states, a person who forcibly enters onto land is guilty of a crime, even if that person is entitled to possession of the land. To discourage self-help that is likely to lead to violence, the states provide legal procedures for the rightful owner to use to recover his land. For example, a landlord who personally tries to eject a tenant creates a potentially explosive situation. The real property will not disappear, so the public is entitled to insist that the true owner or rightful possessor pursue his remedies in court and endure the temporary inconvenience of legal procedures. Many states do not let the illegal occupant sue the rightful owner in trespass for his forcible entry, but the occupant can sue for assault and battery or damage to her personal property.

Continuing Trespass

A trespass is continuing when the offending object remains on the property of the person entitled to possession. A building or fence that encroaches on a neighbor's property creates a continuing trespass, as does a tree that has fallen across a boundary line. Some courts have allowed a series of lawsuits where there is a continuing trespass, but the prevailing view is that the dispute should be settled in its entirety in one action.

The remedies can be tailored to the particular kind of harm done. A defendant might have to pay damages to repair the plaintiff's property or compensate the plaintiff for the diminished value of her property. Where a structure or object is on the plaintiff's property, the defendant may be ordered to remove it.

Defenses

In some cases a defendant is not liable for trespass even though she has intruded onto another's property. Public officials, for example, do not have any special right to trespass, but a housing inspector with a search warrant can enter someone's building whether the owner consents or not. A police officer can pursue a criminal across private property without liability for trespass. The police officer's defense to a claim of trespass is her lawful authority to enter.

A hotel employee who enters a guest's room to perform housekeeping services is not a trespasser because it is customary to assume that guests want such services. If charged with trespass by the guest, the hotel would claim the guest consented to the employee's entry.

A landlord does not have the right to enter a tenant's apartment whenever the landlord wants. However, the landlord usually has the right to enter to make repairs. The landlord must arrange a reasonable time for the repairs, but the tenant's consent to this arrangement is either contained in the lease or is implied from the landlord's assumption of responsibility for making repairs inside the apartment.

A person is not guilty of trespass if he goes onto another's land to protect life or property during an emergency. For example, a passerby who sees someone pointing a gun at another person may cross onto the property and subdue the person with the gun. Someone at the scene of a traffic accident may go onto private property to pull a victim from one of the vehicles.

Permission to enter someone else's property can be given either by consent or by license. Consent simply means giving permission or allowing another onto the land. For example, a person who lets neighborhood children play in her yard has given consent. Consent may be implied from all the circumstances. A homeowner who calls a house painter and asks for an estimate cannot later complain that the painter trespassed by coming into her yard.

Sometimes consent to enter another's land is called a license, or legal permission. This license is not necessarily a certificate and may be in the form of a written agreement. For example, an electric company might have a license to enter private property to maintain electrical lines or to read the electric meter. The employees cannot act unreasonably when they make repairs, and they and the company are liable for any damage they cause to the property.

Duty to Trespassers

A homeowner is limited in what he can do to protect his family and property from trespassers. The homeowner cannot shoot children who keep cutting across the lawn or set traps or deadly spring-operated guns to kill anyone who trespasses on the property. Deadly force in any manner is generally not justifiable except in self-defense while preventing a violent felony. Mere trespass is not a felony.

The owner or person in possession of real property can be held liable if guests are injured on the property because of the owner's negligence. A property owner generally does not have the same duty to make the premises safe for a trespasser, however. A trespasser assumes the risk of being injured by an unguarded excavation, a fence accidentally electrified by a falling wire, or a broken stair. The occupant of real property has a duty only to refrain from intentionally injuring a trespasser on the premises.

These general rules have several exceptions, however. A property owner who knows that people frequently trespass at a particular place on his land must act affirmatively to keep them out or exercise care to prevent their injury. If the trespasser is a child, most states require an occupant of land to be more careful because a child cannot always be expected to understand and appreciate dangers. Therefore, if the property owner has a swimming pool, the law would classify this as an attractive nuisance that could be expected to cause harm to a child. The property owner must take reasonable precautions to prevent a trespassing child from harm. In this case the erection of a fence around the swimming pool would likely shield the property owner from liability if a child trespassed and drowned in the pool.

Criminal Trespass

At common law a trespass was not criminal unless it was accomplished by violence or breached the peace. Some modern statutes make any unlawful entry onto another's property a crime. When the trespass involves violence or injury to a person or property, it is always considered criminal, and penalties may be increased for more serious or malicious acts. Criminal intent may have to be proved to convict under some statutes, but in some states trespass is a criminal offense regardless of the defendant's intent.

Some statutes consider a trespass criminal only if the defendant has an unlawful purpose in entering or remaining in the place where he has no right to be. The unlawful purpose may be an attempt to disrupt a government office, theft, or arson. Statutes in some states specify that a trespass is not criminal until after a warning, either spoken or by posted signs, has been given to the trespasser. Criminal trespass is punishable by fine or imprisonment or both.

See: landlord and tenant.

For other uses, see Trespass (disambiguation).

"Unlawful entry" redirects here. For the 1992 film, see Unlawful Entry (film).

Tort law Part of the common law series Intentional torts Assault · Battery False imprisonment Intentional infliction of emotional distress (IIED) Property torts Trespass (land · chattels) Conversion Detinue · Replevin · Trover Defenses Consent · Necessity Defense of self · of others · of property Negligence Duty of care · Standard of care Proximate cause · Res ipsa loquitur Calculus of negligence Rescue doctrine · Duty to rescue Specific types Negligent infliction of emotional distress (NIED) Employment-related · Entrustment Malpractice (legal · medical) Liability torts Product liability Ultrahazardous activity Nuisance Public nuisance Rylands v. Fletcher Dignitary torts Defamation · Invasion of privacy False light · Breach of confidence Abuse of process Malicious prosecution Alienation of affections · Seduction Economic torts Fraud · Tortious interference Conspiracy · Restraint of trade Liability, defences, remedies Comparative / contributory negligence Last clear chance · Eggshell skull Vicarious liability · Volenti non fit injuria Ex turpi causa non oritur actio Neutral reportage · Damages Injunction · Torts and conflict of laws Duty to visitors Trespassers · Licensees · Invitees Attractive nuisance Other common law areas Contracts · Criminal law · Evidence Property · Wills, trusts and estates Portals Law v • d • e

A sign warning against trespassing.

Trespass (properly to go beyond, from Lat. trans, "across" + passus, "act of going from place to place"; French outrepasser is from Latin ultra = "beyond" + passus) is a legal concept, which refers to intrusion into another person's property. Trespass to land is a type of trespass, which can cause criminal^[1] or a tort liability.^[2] In England and Wales, while one can easily run into a notice warning that "trespassers will be prosecuted", it will only bring a civil liability, unless the trespass is aggravated.

There are also torts for trespass to chattels and trespass to the person. They are generally considered as an "intentional tort" but constitute a tort of negligence in Australia and other countries.

Occasionally (outside the law trade) "trespassing" is used to mean "agricultural encroachment" on a sacred or biological reserve area.

Contents 1 History 2 Trespass law 3 Other legal uses 4 Wider uses 5 Prevention 6 See also 7 References

History

Trespass includes various types of torts committed to real property, personal property, or a person, distinguished generally by names drawn from the writs once used as appropriate to the particular transgression, such as vi et armis (with "force and arms"), quare clausum fregit de bonis asportatis, de uxore abducta cum bonis viri, and quare filium et heredem rapuit.

In England, the trespasser was regarded nominally as a criminal until 1694 and was liable to a fine for the breach of the peace, commuted for a small sum of money, for which 5 Will. and Mar. C. 12 (1693) substituted a fee of 6s. 8d. (a third of £1) recoverable as costs against the defendant. Trespass is not now criminal in England except by special statutory enactment, e.g. the old statutes against forcible entry, the game acts, and the private acts of many railway companies. When, however, trespass is carried sufficiently far it may become criminal, and be prosecuted as assault if to the person, as nuisance if to the land. At one time an important distinction was drawn between trespass general and trespass special or trespass on the case, for which see Tort. The difference between trespass and case was sometimes a very narrow one: the general rule was that where the injury was directly caused by the act of the defendant the proper remedy was trespass, where indirectly case. The difference is illustrated by the action for false imprisonment: if the defendant himself imprisoned the plaintiff the action was trespass; if a third person did so on the information of the defendant it was case. A close parallel is found in Roman law in the actio directa under the lex Aquilia for injury caused directly, the actio utilis for that caused indirectly. One of the reasons for the rapid extension of the action on the case, especially that form of it called assumpsit, was no doubt the fact that in the action on the case the defendant was not allowed to wage his law (see "legal wager").

In its more restricted sense trespass is generally used for entry on land without lawful authority by either a man, his servants or his cattle. To maintain an action for such trespass the plaintiff must have possession of the premises. The quantum of possession necessary to enable him to bring the action is often a question difficult to decide. In most instances the tenant can bring trespass, the reversioner only case. Remedies for trespass are either judicial or extra-judicial. The most minute invasion of private right is trespass, though the damages may be nominal if the injury was trivial. On the other hand, they may be exemplary if circumstances of aggravation were present. Pleading in the old action of trespass was of a very technical nature, but the old-fashioned terms alia enormia, replication de injuria, new assignment, etc, once of such frequent occurrence in the reports, are of merely historical interest since the introduction of a simpler system of pleading, unless in those American states where the old pleading has not been reformed. The venue in trespass was formerly local, in case transitory. In addition to damages for trespass, an injunction may be granted by the court. The principal instances of extra-judicial remedies are distress damage feasant of cattle trespassing, and removal of a trespasser without unnecessary violence, expressed in the terms of Latin pleading by molliter manus imposuit. Trespass may be justified by exercise of a legal right, as to serve the process of the law, or by invitation or license of the owner, or may be excused by accident or inevitable necessity, as deviation from a highway out of repair. Where a man abuses an authority given by the law, his wrongful act relates back to his entry, and he becomes a trespasser ab initio, that is, liable to be treated as a trespasser for the whole time of his being on the land. Mere breach of contract, such as refusal to pay for wine in a tavern which a person has lawfully entered, does not constitute him a trespasser ab initio. A trespass of a permanent nature is called a continuing trespass; such would be letting one's cattle to feed on another's land without authority.

In Scots law trespass is used only for torts to land. By the Trespass (Scotland) Act 1865 trespassers are liable on summary conviction to fine and imprisonment for encamping, lighting fires, &c., on land without the consent and permission of the owner.

Trespass law

A UK sign.

A sign in Washington County, Pennsylvania.

Although criminal and civil trespass laws vary from each jurisdiction, the following facets are common:

• Property owners and their agents (for example, security guards) may only use reasonable force to protect their property. For example, setting booby traps on a property to hurt trespassers and shooting at trespassers are usually forbidden except in extreme circumstances. Several US states, however, preserve to varying degrees the Castle Doctrine, a concept from English common law allowing the use of deadly force against trespassers the break into the home, only. The US state of Texas in particular has especially broad guidelines for the acceptable use of deadly force.[1]
• Not all persons seeking access to property are trespassers. The law recognizes the rights of persons given express permission to be on the property ("invitees") and persons who have a legal right to be on the property ("licensees") not to be treated as trespassers; for example, a meter reader on the property to read the meter. A police officer seeking to execute a warrant is a licensee. A surveyor studying the land for government use (usually map making). Someone such as a door-to-door salesman or missionary, would be a solicitor and not afforded the invitee exclusion to enter the private portion of the premises, and therefore be a trespasser. In a more recent case, Jehovah's Witnesses refused to get government permits to solicit door-to-door in Stratton, Ohio. In 2002, the case was heard in the U.S. Supreme Court. The Court ruled in favor of the Jehovah's Witnesses, holding that making it a misdemeanor to engage in door-to-door advocacy without first registering with the mayor and receiving a permit violate the first Amendment as it applies to religious proselytizing, anonymous political speech, and the distribution of handbills.^[3]

• Most jurisdictions do not allow "self-help" to remove trespassers. The usual procedure is to ask the trespassing person to leave, then to call law enforcement officials if they do not. As long as the trespasser is not posing an immediate threat, they cannot be removed by force. It is usually illegal to arrest a trespasser and hold them on the property until law enforcement arrives as this defeats the purpose of allowing them to cure the trespass by leaving. This is excepted by US States that have Citizen arrest laws; CA being one. A large exception to this rule are railroads in the United States and Canada, who employ their own police forces to enforce state or provincial trespassing laws. Railroad police have the ability to independently arrest and prosecute trespassers without the approval or assistance of local law enforcement. Furthermore, in many jurisdictions, trespassing on railroad tracks is considered a very severe offense comparable to drunk driving, with severe fines imposed on the trespassers. Some jurisdictions even going so far as to impose fines higher than that of a drunk driving or marijuana possession conviction.

A sign warning against trespassing at Mater Dei High School in New Jersey

• Most, though not all, jurisdictions allow "benevolent trespassing" for extreme situations. For example, if you have a car accident and somebody is injured, you may legally force entry into an empty building to call an ambulance. Similarly, if a structure is burning, one may forcibly enter to rescue a person trapped inside. The law assumes people will make a reasonable effort to notify property owners if possible.
• Similarly, "Good Samaritan" laws take precedent over property laws where applicable. Civilians are afforded certain protection in emergencies - people cannot generally sue their would-be rescuers for breaking ribs attempting CPR, or damaging property while helping a person in need. Obviously, professionals (EMT, doctors, firefighters, etc.) are held to a higher standard, even when they're not "on the clock."
• Marking property as private property can be done in a variety of ways. The most obvious way is to post a sign saying "No Trespassing" or "Private Property". However, a continuous fence has the same effect in most places. Many jurisdictions allow the use of markers when fencing would be impractical or expensive. For example, Ontario, Canada allows the use of red paint on landmarks such as trees to mark the boundaries of private property.
• Property owners may allow some trespasses while excluding others. For example, a sign saying just "No Hunting" could conceivably allow hiking, snowmobiling or bird-watching, but would give notice to hunters that they would be trespassing if they entered onto the property.
• Trespass is not limited to human beings. For example, the owner of cattle or dogs may be responsible for an animal's trespass in some jurisdictions. Furthermore, by causing an object to enter a property one can commit an act of trespass, whether it be earthworks, flood water, or objects thrown onto the property or allowed to travel onto the property.
• Although trespass on private property is usually covered by a general provision, specific properties of high concern such as railways, motorways and military property are often covered under different legislation which carries greater penalties. e.g. in England and Wales, trespass is a civil offence, whereas "Trespassing on the Railway" is a criminal offence.

Other legal uses

• Assault and battery are trespasses to the person and are actionable in tort as such.
• The unlawful interference with the goods of another is a trespass against his goods and is actionable in tort, usually as conversion or detinue.
• Actions for breach of contract was developed by the common law courts out of trespass and came to be called trespass on the case.
• Unauthorized access to a computer system is sometimes considered a form of trespass. Generally in the U.S. these acts are not considered trespasses (see Intel Corp. v. Hamidi).

Wider uses

The term 'trespass' is also used for a transgression in general, such as in the traditional version of the Lord's Prayer.

Prevention

The front entrance of Whitwell Station, Reepham, UK, displaying some of the anti-trespassing techniques deployed.

There are many methods land owners use to prevent trespassing, usually depending on the terrain, risk, importance (personal, cultural or economic) and size of the property.

Some of the most common preventions are also the most basic, such as barbed wire, warning signs, and fencing. See also physical security.

See also

• Trespass on the case
• Burglary
• Castle Doctrine in the US
• Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 (UK)
• Forced entry
• R v Collins
• Freedom to roam, also known as "Right of public access to the wilderness"
• Easement
• Rights of way in England and Wales
• Rights of way in Scotland
• Property is theft!

References

1. ^ Dictionary of Real Estate law. Accessed May 28, 2008.
2. ^ Inc.com article. Accessed May 28, 2008.
3. ^ Watchtower Bible and Tract Society v. Village of Stratton – 536 U.S. 150 (2002)

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Dansk (Danish)
v. intr. - trænge ind på
n. - ejendomskrænkelse

Nederlands (Dutch)
op verboden terrein komen, misbruik maken van, overtreding

Français (French)
v. intr. - (Jur) se rendre coupable d'une violation de propriété, (Jur) violer, commettre un délit, (fig) abuser de (sout), enfreindre, (Relig) offenser
n. - (gén) intrusion, (Jur) violation de propriété, transgression, (Relig) offense, péché

Deutsch (German)
v. - widerrechtlich betreten, übertreten, zu sehr beanspruchen, sich vergehen
n. - Verstoß, Hausfriedensbruch, Körperverletzung, Eigentumsdelikt

Ελληνική (Greek)
v. - παραβαίνω, καταπατώ, παραβιάζω
n. - ηθικό παράπτωμα, αμάρτημα, καταπάτηση

Italiano (Italian)
trasgredire, violare il domicilio, entrare abusivamente, trasgressione

Português (Portuguese)
v. - trespassar, transgredir
n. - transgressão (f), infração (f)

Русский (Russian)
нарушить границы/права, нарушение границы/права и т.д.

Español (Spanish)
v. intr. - traspasar, violar, infringir, delinquir, pecar
n. - transgresión, violación

Svenska (Swedish)
v. - inkräkta, göra intrång, missbruka
n. - lagöverträdelse, intrång, åverkan

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
侵夺, 侵入, 犯罪, 罪过, 侵害

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
v. intr. - 侵奪, 侵入, 犯罪
n. - 罪過, 侵害, 侵入

한국어 (Korean)
v. intr. - 침입하다, 폐를 끼치다, 죄를 범하다
n. - 불법 침입, 폐 , 죄

日本語 (Japanese)
v. - 侵入する, 煩わす, 付けこむ, 犯す
n. - 立入り, 侵入, 侵害訴訟, 罪

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(فعل) يتعدى على, ينتهك حرمه (الاسم) أنتهاك حرمه, خطيئه, أثم‏

עברית (Hebrew)
v. intr. - ‮הסיג גבול, חדר לתחום הזולת‬
n. - ‮הסגת גבול, עבירה‬

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