| Trifolium pratense | |
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Genus: | Trifolium |
| Species: | T. pratense |
| Binomial name | |
| Trifolium pratense L. |
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Trifolium pratense (Red Clover) is a species of clover, native to Europe, western Asia and northwest Africa, but planted and naturalised in many other regions.
It is an herbaceous, short lived perennial plant, variable in size, growing to 20–80 cm tall. The leaves are alternate, trifoliate (with three leaflets), each leaflet 15–30 mm long and 8–15 mm broad, green with a characteristic pale crescent in the outer half of the leaf; the petiole is 1–4 cm long, with two basal stipules. The flowers are dark pink with a paler base, 12–15 mm long, produced in a dense inflorescence.
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Name and varieties
The plant was named Trifolium pratense by Carolus Linnaeus in 1753. Pratense is Latin for "found in meadows".
There are seven varieties:
- Trifolium pratense var. pratense Widespread.
- Trifolium pratense var. americanum Southeastern Europe (despite the name).
- Trifolium pratense var. frigidum Mountains of central and southern Europe (Pyrenees, Alps, Balkans).
- Trifolium pratense var. maritimum Southern Baltic Sea coast.
- Trifolium pratense var. parviflorum Europe.
- Trifolium pratense var. sativum Mediterranean region. Robust-growing, with hairless or nearly hairless foliage.
- Trifolium pratense var. villosum Alps. Densely hairy foliage.
Diseases
Red clover is subject to bacterial as well as fungal disease. Other problems include parasitic nematodes (roundworms) and viruses.
Uses
It is widely grown as a fodder crop, valued for its nitrogen fixation which increases soil fertility. For these reasons it is used as a green manure crop. Several Cultivar Groups have been selected for agricultural use, mostly derived from var. sativum. It has become naturalised in many temperate areas, including the Americas and Australasia as an escape from cultivation.
The isoflavones and phytoestrogens from red clover have been used to treat the symptoms of menopause.[1] It has also been reported that red clover has been used for a variety of medicinal purposes, such as bronchitis, burns, cancers, ulcers, sedation, asthma, and syphillis.[2]
It is an ingredient in eight-herb essiac tea.
Symbolism
It is the national flower of Denmark[3] and the state flower of Vermont.
See also
References
- ^ Red Clover Flowers Herbal Information
- ^ Purdue Horticulture: T. pratense
- ^ Other National Symbols - Embassy of Denmark India
External links
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Wikiversity has bloom time data for Trifolium pratense on the Bloom Clock |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Trifolium pratense |
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