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trough

 
Dictionary: trough   (trôf, trŏf) pronunciation
n.
    1. A long, narrow, generally shallow receptacle for holding water or feed for animals.
    2. Any of various similar containers for domestic or industrial use, such as kneading or washing.
  1. A gutter under the eaves of a roof.
  2. A long, narrow depression, as between waves or ridges.
  3. A low point in a business cycle or on a statistical graph.
  4. Meteorology. An elongated region of relatively low atmospheric pressure, often associated with a front.
  5. Physics. A minimum point in a wave or an alternating signal.

[Middle English, from Old English trog.]


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The stage of the economy's business cycle that marks the end of a period of declining business activity and the transition to expansion.

Investopedia Says:
In general, the business cycle is said to go through expansion, then the peak, followed by contraction, and then it finally bottoms out with the trough.

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Prices never move in straight lines, so it's time to learn about this powerful trend-following technique. Peak-and-Trough Analysis
This strategy can be profitable but requires careful timing and analysis of various factors. Find out what they are. The Ups And Downs Of Investing In Cyclical Stocks
Look at the big picture when choosing a company - what you see may really be a stage in its industry's growth. The Stages Of Industry Growth
Follow along with one of ChartAdvisor's failed trades and learn from our mistakes. Tales From The Trenches: Hindsight Is 20/20


Bottom of a Recession or depression; point at which recovery begins.


[trôf]

n. a hollow between two wave crests in the sea.

See the Introduction, Abbreviations and Pronunciation for further details.

Architecture: trough
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A channel used to carry electric conductors.


1. standard equipment for feeding and watering animals.
2. an M-shaped false top to be placed on a surgical table. A small patient laid in it is propped up in the groove. Made of sterilizable material. Useful also in radiology if made of radiolucent materials.


A term that usually refers to the stone cattle or horse troughs used, primarily by the English, to grow alpine plants. These, along with stone sinks, became so popular that authentic ones are virtually unobtainable, but they can be simulated by concrete or lightweight hypertufa substitutes.

Word Tutor: trough
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pronunciation

IN BRIEF: A long narrow shallow receptacle.

pronunciation The horses drank from the water trough outside of the stable.

Wikipedia: Trough (meteorology)
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Representation of alternating troughs and ridges in upper-level Westerlies for the Northern Hemisphere, with regions of convergence and divergence labeled.

A trough is an elongated region of relatively low atmospheric pressure, often associated with fronts.

Unlike fronts, there is not a universal symbol for a trough on a weather chart. The weather charts in some countries or regions mark troughs by a line. In the United States, a trough may be marked as a dashed line. In Hong Kong[1] or Fiji,[2] it is represented by a bold line extended from a low pressure center [3] or between two low pressure centers;[4] in Macau[5] or Australia[6], it is a dotted line. If it is not marked, troughs may still be identified as an extension of isobars away from a low pressure center.

Sometimes, the region between two high pressure centers may assume the character of a trough when there is a detectable wind shift noted at the surface. In the absence of a wind shift, the region is designated a col, akin to a geographic saddle between two mountain peaks.

If a trough forms in the mid-latitudes, a temperature difference between two sides of the trough usually exists in the form of a weather front. A weather front is usually less convective than a trough in the tropics or subtropics (such as a tropical wave). Sometimes, collapsed frontal systems will degenerate into troughs.

Convective cells may develop in the vicinity of troughs and give birth to a tropical cyclone. Some tropical or subtropical regions such as the Philippines or south China are greatly affected by convection cells along a trough. In the mid-latitude westerlies, troughs and ridges often alternate, especially when upper-level winds are in a high-amplitude pattern. For a trough in the westerlies, the region just west of the trough axis is typically an area of convergent winds and descending air - and hence high pressure - while the region just east of the trough axis is an area of fast, divergent winds and low pressure. Tropical waves are a type of trough in easterly currents, a cyclonic northward deflection of the trade winds.

Contents

Types of trough

In addition to standard troughs, some may be described further with a qualifying term indicating a specific or a set of characteristics

Lee trough

A "lee trough" is one and the same thing as a "dynamic trough". According to the AMS Glossary, it is "A pressure trough formed on the lee side of a mountain range in situations where the wind is blowing with a substantial component across the mountain ridge; often seen on United States weather maps east of the Rocky Mountains, and sometimes east of the Appalachians, where it is less pronounced.", and can be formed either as a result of the adiabatic compression of sinking air on the "lee" side of a mountain range, or through cyclogenesis resulting from "the horizontal convergence associated with vertical stretching of air columns passing over the ridge and descending the lee slope."[7][8]

Inverted trough

An inverted trough is oriented opposite to the usual orientation of mid-latitude troughs. The most common type of inverted trough is the tropical wave.

Thermal trough

A thermal trough is a trough formed by intense heating, usually in an enclosed valley such as California's Central Valley. This trough in some ways resembles and functions like a monsoon, drawing in marine air which however, in the case of California, is too stable to produce thunderstorms on the Pacific side. The thermal trough here may however interact with the Southwest Monsoon and draw thunderstorms up along the east side of the Sierra Nevada.

References

  1. ^ The Hong Kong Observatory, Weather Map at 08 HKT
  2. ^ http://www.met.gov.fj/aifs_prods/0640.gif
  3. ^ http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/currwx/flw_description/image/trough2.png
  4. ^ http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/currwx/flw_description/image/trough3.png
  5. ^ Weather Chart
  6. ^ Latest NMOC MSLP Analysis Chart
  7. ^ "American Meteorological Society Glossary - Lee trough". Allen Press Inc.. 2000-06. http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=lee-trough1. Retrieved 2006-10-30. 
  8. ^ Jeff Haby. "What is a Lee-side Trough (Low)?". TheWeatherPrediction.com. http://www.theweatherprediction.com/habyhints/129/. Retrieved 2006-10-30. 

See also


Translations: Trough
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Dansk (Danish)
n. - trug, kar, rende, bølgedal

Nederlands (Dutch)
trog, goot, golfdal, laagte-/ diepte(punt)

Français (French)
n. - abreuvoir, auge, chenal, creux, (Écon) creux, (Météo) dépression

Deutsch (German)
n. - Trog, Wellental, Talsohle, Rinne

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - γούρνα, σκάφη, ταγίστρα/ποτίστρα ζώων, σκάφη ζυμώματος, τάφρος, (μετεωρ.) ζώνη χαμηλού βαρομετρικού, σφήνα υφέσεως, (οικον.) το χαμηλότερο σημείο κύκλου οικονομικής δραστηριότητας

Italiano (Italian)
mangiatoia

Português (Portuguese)
n. - tina (f), masseira (f)

Русский (Russian)
корыто

Español (Spanish)
n. - abrevadero, pesebre

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - tråg, ho, kar, fördjupning, sänka

中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
槽, 饲料槽, 水槽

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 槽, 飼料槽, 水槽

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 여물통, 홈통, 물통

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - かいば桶, かいば桶型の槽, 樋, 溝, 舟状海盆, 気圧の谷, 雨樋

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) مجرى, وعاء, حوض‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮איבוס, שוקת, משארת, עריבה, תעלה, מרזב, שקע, אוכף‬


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