Type Approval is granted to a product that meets a minimum set of regulatory, technical and safety requirements. Generally, type approval is required before a product is allowed to be sold in a particular country, so the requirements for a given product will vary around the world. Processes and certifications known as Type Approval in English are generally called Homologation, or some cognate expression, in other European languages.
Compliance to type-approval requirements is often denoted by a marking on the back of the product. The familiar CE mark found on the back of many electronic devices, for example, means that the product has obtained Type Approval in the European Union.[dubious ] On the other hand, in China type approval is denoted by the CCC mark.
Type Approval is not a term confined to a particular industry. Type Approval requirements exist for products as diverse as marine equipment, mobile phones, automotive industry, or medical equipment. Type approval simply means that the product is certified to meet certain requirements for its type, whatever that may be.
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In the automotive industry
The new Framework Directive (Directive 2007/46/EC establishing a framework for the approval of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles)[1] rules the approval schemes of the new motor vehicles and their trailers in the European Union:[2]
- European Community Whole Vehicle Type Approval (ECWVTA), that is applied to applies to passenger cars. Over the next few years, ECWVTA will be extended to cover all new road vehicles and trailers.[3]
- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) regulations.
- National Small Series Type Approval (NSSTA) - the key advantages of this scheme are that some technical requirements may be reduced in comparison with ECWVTA; however, the number of vehicles that can be manufactured are limited.
- Individual Vehicle Approval (IVA)
In telecommunications
Each jurisdiction that regulates communications requires all types of equipment, and especially radiocommuncations equipment, that are not specifically exempted (by reason of low power output, for instance) to be tested for conformance to local regulations before it is approved for use in that jurisdiction. Such conformance might include power and noise characteristics, use of permitted frequencies only, frequency stability, and various other electrical parameters.
Certificate of Conformity, Conformance or Compliance
American Commerce
A certificate of conformance is defined in American commerce as a document certified by a competent authority that the supplied good or service meets the required specifications.
American nuclear business
A C of C may be required of vendors of goods to nuclear generating stations to get the vendor to legally commit to stating compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
European Commerce
A European COC (Certificate of Conformity) is a declaration of the conformity with the type approval of European Community. The purpose of this document is to ensure the free movement of goods within the European Union, specifically for those goods that are subject to homologation and registration. A COC is a producer’s declaration that the vehicle complies with the given approved type. This document contains information about the vehicle and its producer’s identification, type approval number, technical specifications and other data. The content of a COC is defined by EU regulation (Amendment IX, Regulation 92/53). Vehicles without the EU specification (e.g. vehicle manufactured for the United States or Japanese market) and older vehicles that have not been given the type approval of the EC yet, do not have an existing COC. Similarly, it is not possible to issue a COC for converted vehicles. A COC is only obtainable for automobiles, motorcycles and tractors.
See also
- American Bureau of Shipping
- Aftermarket kit
- EuroNCAP
- Homologation
- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
- Safety certification
- Vehicle registration
References
- ^ "Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 September 2007 establishing a framework for the approval of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles (Framework Directive) Text with EEA relevance". EUR-Lex.europa.eu - Access to European Union law. publications.europa.eu - Publications Office of the European Union. 09/10/2007. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:263:0001:01:EN:HTML. Retrieved 27 September 2009.
- ^ "Motor Vehicle Approval Schemes". Ireland: National Standards Authority of Ireland. NSAI.ie. 1 April 2009. http://www.nsai.ie/index.cfm/area/page/information/motorvehicleapproval. Retrieved 27 September 2009.
- ^ "EC Whole Vehicle Type Approval - Introduction". UK Vehicle Certification Agency, Department for Transport. VCA.gov.uk. 24 September 2009. http://www.vca.gov.uk/vehicletype/ecwvta-framework-directive.asp. Retrieved 27 September 2009.
External links
- What is Type Approval? - a Malaysian opinion from PaulTan.org
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