casting

1. 1. The act or process of making casts or molds.
   2. Something cast in a mold.
2. The act of throwing a fishing line.
3. Something cast off or out.
4. The selection of actors or performers for the parts of a presentation.

For more information on casting, visit Britannica.com.

1. a metallic object formed in a mold. 2. forming a casting in a mold.

The technique of using a rope or a special harness designed for the purpose to make an animal fall to the ground or onto a specially prepared area. Used for large animals especially horses and cattle.

• c. bed — the area designated for a cast animal to fall. It is usually cushioned with straw or, in the case of a permanent facility, rubber or other synthetic padding.
• Burley c. method — one that uses a rope centered over the shoulders, crossed between the front legs, crossed over the back and then passed between the hindlegs, avoiding the scrotum or udder and with traction backwards. Used in cattle.
• half hitches c. method — suitable only for cattle; a non-slip knot is applied around the neck and half-hitches are placed behind the front legs and around the flanks. Traction is applied backwards.
• c. harness — an arrangement of leather or webbing straps, ropes and rings is applied to the hindlegs below the pasterns with ropes running forward through a shoulder harness. Traction on the ropes pulls the legs forward and the horse falls to one side. The ropes are used to tie the legs in a convenient position. Not suitable for use with cattle.
• c. pen — used at abattoirs to restrain animals that are to be slaughtered according to the Jewish law. It is a restraint cage or cradle which enables the operator to tip the animal onto its back so that it can be slaughtered while it is still conscious.

For type conversion in aviation, see type conversion (aviation).

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In computer science, type conversion or typecasting refers to changing an entity of one data type into another. This is done to take advantage of certain features of type hierarchies. For instance, values from a more limited set, such as integers, can be stored in a more compact format and later converted to a different format enabling operations not previously possible, such as division with several decimal places' worth of accuracy. In object-oriented programming languages, type conversion allows programs to treat objects of one type as one of their ancestor types to simplify interacting with them.

There are two types of conversion: implicit and explicit. The term for implicit type conversion is coercion. The most common form of explicit type conversion is known as casting. Explicit type conversion can also be achieved with separately defined conversion routines such as an overloaded object constructor.

Each programming language has its own rules on how types can be converted. In general, both objects and fundamental data types can be converted.

Contents 1 Implicit type conversion 2 Explicit type conversion 2.1 Using Casting 2.2 Using Overloaded object constructor 3 See also 4 External links

Implicit type conversion

Implicit type conversion, also known as coercion, is an automatic type conversion by the compiler. Some languages allow, or even require, compilers to provide coercion.

In a mixed-type expression, data of one or more subtypes can be converted to a supertype as needed at runtime so that the program will run correctly. For example, the following is legal C language code:

double  d;
long    l;
int     i; 
 
if (d > i)      d = i;
if (i > l)      l = i;
if (d == l)     d *= 2;

Although d, l and i belong to different data types, they will be automatically converted to equal data types each time a comparison or assignment is executed. This behavior should be used with caution, as unintended consequences can arise. Data can be lost when floating-point representations are converted to integral representations as the fractional components of the floating-point values will be truncated (rounded down). Conversely, converting from an integral representation to a floating-point one can also lose precision, since the floating-point type may be unable to represent the integer exactly (for example, float might be an IEEE 754 single precision type, which cannot represent the integer 16777217 exactly, while a 32-bit integer type can). This can lead to situations such as storing the same integer value into two variables of type integer and type real which return false if compared for equality.

Explicit type conversion

Explicit type conversion is a type conversion which is explicitly defined within a program (instead of being done by a compiler for implicit type conversion).

Using Casting

double da = 5.5;
double db = 5.5;
int result = static_cast<int>(da) + static_cast<int>(db);
//Result would be equal to 10 instead of 11.

There are several kinds of explicit conversion.

checked 

Before the conversion is performed, a runtime check is done to see if the destination type can hold the source value. If not, an error condition is raised.

unchecked 

No check is performed. If the destination type cannot hold the source value, the result is undefined.

bit pattern 

The raw bit representation of the source is copied verbatim, and it is re-interpreted according to the destination type. This can also be achieved via aliasing.

In object-oriented programming languages, objects can also be downcasted : a reference of a base class is casted to one of its derived classes.

Using Overloaded object constructor

class Myclass {
public:
double myD;
Myclass(double d) { myD = d; }
}
Myclass obj = Myclass(5.5);
double d = obj; //here is the explicit type conversion
//Result would be d = 5.5

See also

Wikibooks' Transwiki has more about this subject:

Type conversion

• dynamic_cast
• Type punning

External links

• Casting in C++
• Casting in Ada
• Casting in Java
• Casting in ABAP
• Comparison of Casting in ABAP and Java
• Cast Operator in C
• Article on Type Casting at cplusplus.com
• Static and Reinterpretation castings in C++
• Upcasting and Downcasting

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Dansk (Danish)
n. - kasten, afstøbning, støbning, ham, rollebesætning

idioms:

• casting vote    afgørende stemme

Nederlands (Dutch)
rolverdeling, gegoten vorm, het werpen (hengelsport)

Français (French)
n. - lancement, jet, pêche au lancer, coulée, (Métal) moulage, pièce (objet), (Art) moulage, (Cin, Théât, TV) distribution

idioms:

• casting vote    voix prépondérante

Deutsch (German)
n. - Rollenbesetzung, Gußstück, Abguß

idioms:

• casting vote    ausschlaggebende Stimme

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - ρίψη, ρίξιμο, εκσφενδόνιση, χύτευση, χύσιμο μετάλλου, μήτρα, τύπος, χυτό τεμάχιο, διανομή ρόλων, ρίξιμο πετονιάς

idioms:

• casting vote    καθοριστική/βαρύνουσα ψήφος

Italiano (Italian)
complesso degli attori, distribuzione delle parti, getto, getto dell'amo, gettata, fusione, colata

idioms:

• casting vote    voto decisivo

Português (Portuguese)
n. - lance (m), fundição (f), distribuição (f) de papéis (Teat.)

idioms:

• casting vote    voto de decisão

Русский (Russian)
отливка, распределение ролей

idioms:

• casting vote    решающий голос

Español (Spanish)
n. - pieza fundida, vaciado, colada

idioms:

• casting vote    voto de calidad o del presidente, voto decisivo

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - gjutning, kastning, rollfördelning

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
投掷, 角色, 铸成品

idioms:

• casting vote    决定性的一票

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 投擲, 角色, 鑄成品

idioms:

• casting vote    決定性的一票

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 주조, 던지기, 계산 , 배역

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 投げること, キャスティング, 鋳造, 配役

idioms:

• casting vote    決定票

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) سبيكه, قطعه مصبوبه‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮יציקה, השלכה, עיצוב‬

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