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Typhoid Mary

 
Dictionary: Ty·phoid Mary   ('foid') pronunciation
n.
A person from whom something undesirable or deadly spreads to those nearby.

[From the nickname of MALLON.]


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(born 1870? — died Nov. 11, 1938, North Brother Island, N.Y., N.Y., U.S.) U.S. carrier of typhoid. A 1904 typhoid epidemic on Long Island was traced to households where she had been a cook. She fled, but authorities finally caught up with her and isolated her on an island off the Bronx. In 1910 she was released after agreeing not to take a food-handling job, but she did, causing more typhoid outbreaks. She was returned to the island for the rest of her life. Three deaths and 51 original cases were directly attributed to her.

For more information on Typhoid Mary, visit Britannica.com.

Idioms: typhoid Mary
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A carrier or spreader of misfortune, as in I swear he's a typhoid Mary; everything at the office has gone wrong since he was hired. This expression alludes to a real person, Mary Manson, who died in 1938. An Irish-born servant, she transmitted typhoid fever to others and was referred to as "typhoid Mary" from the early 1900s. The term was broadened to other carriers of calamity in the mid-1900s.


Mary Mallon (1870?–1938), known as Typhoid Mary, was an itinerant domestic servant and cook, probably an Irish immigrant, though possibly American-born (her origin and early life are un-known). She probably had typhoid fever in 1899 and made an apparently complete recovery. However, she was a symptomless carrier of typhoid bacilli, presumably from a nidus of infection in her gallbladder, for many years—perhaps for the rest of her life.

Between 1900 and 1907, Mallon is known to have infected twenty-two people in New York City, passing the typhoid bacillus to them in cakes she had baked. One of these persons died. The nascent clinical science of bacteriological epidemiology enabled public health authorities to trace her and eventually to apprehend her. She was held in quarantine on North Brother Island, off the Bronx coast, for three years, then released after solemnly promising never to work as a cook again. But she soon broke her promise, and returned to the only occupation at which she could survive, becoming a cook in Sloan Maternity Hospital, where she infected twenty-five more people, two of whom died.

Mallon was incarcerated again in quarantine, where she remained until her death in 1938. She was apparently a likable and pleasant woman—she was said to be "good with children"—and she was an excellent cook. Her life story has been the topic of several books and a movie.

Mallon's experience is a paradigm for some of the failings of public health, which can exert authority over people's lives in order to control some diseases but cannot necessarily correct the underlying social and economic conditions that are ultimately responsible for these diseases. A modern parallel to the story of Typhoid Mary can be seen in the experience of many sex workers infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis, and other diseases.

(SEE ALSO: Carrier; Communicable Disease Control; Food-Borne Diseases; Quarantine; Typhoid)

Bibliography

Leavitt, J. W. (2000). Typhoid Mary; Captive to the Public's Health. Boston, MA: Beacon Books.

— JOHN M. LAST



Science Q&A: Who was Typhoid Mary?
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Mary Mallon (1855-1938), a cook who lived in New York City at the turn of the century, was identified as a chronic carrier of the typhoid bacilli. Immune to the disease herself, she was the cause of at least three deaths and 51 cases of typhoid fever. She was confined to an isolation center on North Brother Island, near the Bronx, from 1907 to 1910 and from 1914 to 1938. The New York City Health Department released her after the first confinement on the condition that she never accept employment that involved handling food. But when a later epidemic occurred at two places where she had worked as a cook, the authorities returned her to North Brother Island, where she remained until her death from a stroke in 1938.

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Health Dictionary: Typhoid Mary
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A cook who carried typhoid fever and passed it on to many people in and around New York City in the early twentieth century.

  • The term is often applied to the carrier of a contagious disease, or, more generally, to anyone who brings bad luck: “The last three insurance companies I had policies with folded. I feel like Typhoid Mary.”

  • Wikipedia: Typhoid Mary (comics)
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    Typhoid Mary
    Daredevil46.jpg
    Typhoid Mary, on the cover for Daredevil vol. 2 #46
    Art by Alex Maleev
    Publication information
    Publisher Marvel Comics
    First appearance Daredevil #254 (May 1988)
    Created by Ann Nocenti
    John Romita, Jr.
    In-story information
    Alter ego Mary Alice Walker
    Species Human Mutant
    Team affiliations The Initiative
    Shadow Initiative
    Partnerships Kingpin
    Notable aliases Mary, Mary Mezinis, Bloody Mary, Mutant Zero
    Abilities Pyrokinesis, telekinesis, Limited Mind Control

    Typhoid Mary (Mary Walker), also known as Typhoid and Bloody Mary I, but later going by the name Mutant Zero, is a fictional character, a supervillain in the Marvel Comics universe, most commonly associated with Daredevil. She first appeared in Daredevil #254, and was created by Ann Nocenti and John Romita, Jr.. Her name comes from early 20th century Irish-American cook and typhoid fever carrier "Typhoid Mary" Mallon.

    In the pages of Avengers: The Initiative a mysterious character named Mutant Zero was shown. Writer Dan Slott stated that she was secretly a well-known character in disguise.[1]

    She's a mutant chick who's been cover-worthy many times... When that mask comes off, there will be a 'whoa' among those reading it. People who don't even follow comics regularly will know who it is.

    She first appeared in Avengers: The Initiative #4 as a member of Henry Peter Gyrich's black ops team but it wasn't until issue #20 that she was finally revealed to be Typhoid Mary.

    Contents

    Fictional character biography

    Typhoid Mary is an enemy and former lover of Daredevil with low level psionic powers, including telekinesis. She has been a professional criminal employed by organized crime syndicates as an assassin in the past. She is also truly and gravely mentally ill.

    Her condition was accidentally caused by a pre-Daredevil Matt Murdock. He had tracked a villain down to the brothel where Mary worked. He attacked the man, but to his surprise, the girls working there came at him. Panicking, he lashed out, knocking Mary out the window. It was at this moment that Mary somehow became Typhoid Mary, vowing no man would ever hurt her again.[2] In later appearances, however, she would imply that she was a victim of child abuse.[volume & issue needed]

    Suffering from dissociative identity disorder, Mary Walker has three other abnormal personalities in addition to her seemingly healthy one. Her "Mary" personality is a timid, quiet, pacifist; her "Typhoid" personality is adventurous, lustful, and violent; and her "Bloody Mary" persona is brutal, sadistic, and hates all men. Mary once claimed that there was a fourth personality, who is 'lost,' but it has not since been mentioned. Aside from highly developed martial arts skills, Walker also possesses telekinetic powers and, more dangerously, pyrokinesis, the ability to set people or objects in her immediate vicinity aflame.

    In her first appearance, she met Matt Murdock, and was hired as an assassin by the Kingpin.[3] She then first battled Daredevil, while beginning a romance with Matt Murdock.[4] She temporarily reverted to her "Mary" personality,[5] but then reverted back to her "Typhoid" personality, and began a romance with the Kingpin.[6] She hired Bullet, Bushwacker, Ammo, and the Wild Boys to attack Daredevil,[7] and then personally led these criminals against him.[8]

    A favorite pawn of the Kingpin, Typhoid frequently battled and had a love-hate relationship with Daredevil before disappearing. Through hypnosis, the abnormal and psychotic personalities were suppressed from Walker's consciousness, and she began to lead a normal life, becoming an actress on a soap opera.[volume & issue needed] She was sent by Doctor Doom to learn the secrets of Kymellian technology from Power Pack during the Acts of Vengeance.[9] She was subsequently in the Kingpin's employ once again, and met Bullseye.[10] She helped thwart an attempt on the Kingpin's life by Crossbones.[11] At one point, as she struggled to keep her multiple personalities under control, she befriended Mary Jane Watson and battled Spider-Man when Bloody Mary resurfaced and she began killing men who committed domestic abuse. With the web-slinger's help, Mary regained control and voluntarily turned herself in to the police for treatment.[volume & issue needed]

    At one point, Mary was confined to a mental institution where each personality hired a mercenary. Mary hired Deadpool to kill her, Typhoid hired him to break her out, and Bloody Mary hired The Vamp/Animus to break her out to resume a killing spree. Deadpool defeated the Vamp/Animus but refused to kill Mary, allowing the Typhoid personality to become dominant.[12] Typhoid and Deadpool had a few adventures together, including traveling to New York City to confront Daredevil for accidentally kicking her out of the brothel some years ago (Typhoid regained the memories of this incident when Deadpool pushed her out of a window), before Deadpool attempted to reform Typhoid. This did not go well and the two eventually separated.[volume & issue needed]

    However, following the Kingpin's fall from power and subsequent near-death coma, he recovered and started rising back to power, taking out his enemies.[volume & issue needed] To distract Daredevil while he retook his criminal empire, the Kingpin paid a visit to Walker at her show and, with a blunt slap, released the abnormal personalities. Murdock's bodyguards Luke Cage and Jessica Jones managed to take her down after she confronted Daredevil in his secret identity and set him on fire. Mary was imprisoned on The Raft, a maximum security prison for super-powered criminals.[volume & issue needed]

    Electro later led an attack on the Raft, breaking out the prisoners. While the Avengers arrived and managed to stop some of the prisoners, Mary managed to escape and was briefly mentioned[13] as once more working for the Kingpin.

    The Initiative

    Mutant Zero. Art by Stefano Caselli.

    At some point after the events of the superhuman Civil War, Mary is found by Henry Peter Gyrich and recruited into the Initiative program. It is currently unknown whether she suffered some sort of psychotic episode which left her too unstable to be left to her own devices or whether she sought out treatment and joined of her own free will. Gyrich reveals that 'Mutant Zero' is a mutant that not only remained empowered following M-Day, but one that is not included in the official record of the remaining mutants. Technically not existing in any official capacity (according to Gyrich), Mary's true identity is made classified and she is given the codename of "Mutant Zero." According to Dr. Leonard Samson, Mutant Zero is still mentally unstable and that referencing any of her other identities could lead to a period of instability. Mutant Zero is inducted into the Initiative's black ops team, the Shadow Initiative, but due to her mental instability she can only be "activated" once per mission or risk her becoming mentally unstable.[14]

    When Taskmaster is appointed as field leader of the Shadow Initiative, he senses something familiar about Mutant Zero's body language (thanks to his superhuman ability), and initiates an impromptu sparring match with her to satisfy his curiosity. After witnessing her fighting style and provoking her into using her pyrokinesis, Taskmaster shatters her helmet's faceplate and reveals her as Typhoid Mary.[15]

    As the Shadow Initiative prepares to capture Hardball in Madripoor, Mary reveals that the reason why she joined the Initiative is because she couldn't merge or block out her four personalities, so she offered to join in exchange for a pardon and to help integrate her fractured mind, which is still a work in progress.[16] During the Shadow Initiative's fight against HYDRA, Mary loses control of her personalities, having spent too much time from the Zero Room, and flees into the wilds of Madripoor.[17]

    Powers and abilities

    Typhoid Mary is a mutant and possesses a number of limited psionic powers. She can use telekinesis to levitate small objects over short distances (such as weapons of under 10 pounds; knives, razors, etc., which her "Bloody Mary" persona often gathered and assembled into improvised battle-armor). She is a powerful pyrokinetic, meaning she can cause spontaneous combustion within line of sight to set objects in her immediate vicinity aflame. She can implant mental suggestions in the minds of others. She can use her psionic hypnosis ability to induce sleep in weak-minded individuals and most animals; certain individuals are mentally resistant to her hypnotic powers.

    However, she has three separate personalities as a result of her mental illness. The timid, pacifist "Mary" personality has no psionic abilities. The "Typhoid" and "Bloody Mary" personalities have the full range of these psionic powers and they are strongest in "Bloody Mary". Her original "Mary Walker" personality is supposed to be a balanced amalgam of all of these, but is seldom dominant. Because of the different heart rates and voice patterns of her different personas, not to mention the different ways of dress, even Daredevil's super-senses were long unable to tell the different personas all belonged to the same woman, and Typhoid Mary took advantage of this situation to hide from Daredevil/Matt Murdock even within earshot.

    As Mutant Zero, Mary appears to possess the same psionic powers utilized by both Typhoid and Bloody Mary. It is unknown whether the powers she possesses as Mutant Zero are equal to or stronger than those of the "Bloody Mary" personality. Recent battles suggest they are more powerful, but take their toll on Mary when used as a result of this strength. Mutant Zero is also equipped with a suit of full body armor that appears to enhance her physical strength and an arsenal of weapons, including guns and various blades.

    Typhoid Mary is in excellent physical condition. She has peak human reflexes and agility, and is highly athletic. She is also trained in the martial arts, particularly Judo and Zen-Sword. She has exceptional skill in wielding and throwing bladed weapons, and is usually armed with a variety of machetes and smaller knives.

    Other versions

    House of M

    Typhoid Mary appears as an assassin of Wilson Fisk.[18]

    In other media

    Television

    Films

    • A villain named Typhoid (portrayed by Natassia Malthe) appears in the Elektra film, but the only real similarity she had to the comic book character is the name. In the film she is an assassin for the Hand whose breath or touch kills whatever they come into contact with. Her poison touch spreads vastly throughout an area at will, killing life, and she can poison her weapons by breathing on them. The precise limitations to the poison that leaves her body is unknown, nor to how quickly and wide she can spread it. She was once a skilled ninja called the Treasure, and is jealous of Abby who is the new Treasure. Typhoid gives Elektra a poisonous kiss, which almost kills her. She succeeds in killing Abby with her breath-poisoned weapons, although Elektra later resurrects Abby with the same method that her master, Stick, had used to revive her after she was killed by Bullseye in the Daredevil movie. After Elektra kills Kirigi in a final battle, Elektra throws a sai through the hedges of a maze and straight into Typhoid's face. Typhoid falls back onto the ground and disintegrates. The character is specifically named as "Typhoid Mary" rather than just Typhoid by both the producers and Jennifer Garner during the "Making of Elektra" feature on the DVD.

    Video games

    Bibliography

    • Daredevil vol. 1 #255-257, 259-260, 292-300
    • Daredevil vol. 2 #46-50
    • Captain America vol. 1 #373-377
    • Marvel Comics Presents vol. 1 #109-116, 123-130, 150-151

    References

    1. ^ Dan Slott: Taking The Initiative - Newsarama
    2. ^ Deadpool/Daredevil Annual 1997
    3. ^ Daredevil #254
    4. ^ Daredevil #255
    5. ^ Daredevil #256
    6. ^ Daredevil #257
    7. ^ Daredevil #258
    8. ^ Daredevil #260
    9. ^ Power Pack #53
    10. ^ Captain America #373
    11. ^ Captain America #376
    12. ^ Deadpool Vol. 1 #7
    13. ^ Civil War: War Crimes
    14. ^ Avengers: The Initiative #5
    15. ^ Avengers: The Initiative #20
    16. ^ Avengers: The Initiative #21
    17. ^ Avengers: The Initiative #24
    18. ^ House of M: Avengers #3

    External links


     
     
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    Who was Typhoid Mary? (history)
    Mallon, Mary (American cook and immune carrier of typhoid fever)
    NOVA: Typhoid Mary - The Most Dangerous Woman in America (2005 Science & Technology Film)

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    Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
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