Tyre

An ancient Phoenician city on the eastern Mediterranean Sea in present-day southern Lebanon. The capital of Phoenicia after the 11th century B.C., it was a flourishing commercial center noted for its purple dyestuffs and rich, silken clothing. Tyre was besieged and captured by Alexander the Great in 332 B.C. and was finally destroyed by Muslims in A.D. 1291.

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Historic coastal city in south Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea.

Throughout its history, Tyre (now Sur), which is located fifty-two miles (83 km) from Beirut, has known several invasions and occupations. In the eighth century B.C.E., Tyre rebelled against the Assyrians, and in the sixth century B.C.E., the population of Tyre organized a revolt against the Chaldeans. In 333 B.C.E., following his defeat of the Persians, Alexander the Great was welcomed by all Phoenician cities with the exception of Tyre.

Tyre has also had a golden age (especially under the Romans) because of its flourishing glass and purple dye manufacturing. It was under the Romans that Christianity reached Tyre in the person of Saint Paul, who visited the city and stayed for ten days. In 638 C.E., Tyre fell under the control of the Fatimids, where it remained until 1124. In that year Tyre was besieged by the Crusaders and was incorporated in the kingdom of Jerusalem, as a part of which it grew prosperous. The city was recaptured and destroyed by the Mamluks in 1291.

Oranges, citrus, bananas, and sugar cane are the major fruits and vegetables produced in Tyre. Some of the inhabitants of the city and the surrounding region also make their living as fishermen. The old Phoenician city today has a large number of banks and financial institutions, several educational and humanitarian institutions, and hospitals and health centers to serve its population of 30,000 (1996). In a city that also has an active sport life, soccer clubs are especially popular.

— GEORGE E. IRANI

Look up tyre in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Tyre may refer to:

• In British English, a tyre is the outer part of a wheel. In American English, the term tire is used instead.

Locations

• Tyre, Lebanon, the Phoenician city
  • Tyre District, in the South Governorate of Lebanon
• Tyre, New York, a town in the United States
• Tyre, Michigan, a hamlet in the United States

Historical events

• Siege of Tyre, battle in 332 BC
• Synod of Tyre, various meetings of churchmen, between the 4th and 6th centuries

Fiction

• Apollonius of Tyre, medieval novella
• Pericles, Prince of Tyre, a play by William Shakespeare

Archbishops of Tyre

• Archbishop of Tyre, an influential post held throughout the Middle Ages. Particularly notable occupants included:
  • Frederick, Archbishop of Tyre (d. 1174)
  • William of Tyre (1130-1185), the Archbishop historian from the 1100s
  • Joscius, Archbishop of Tyre (d. 1202)

Nobles

• List of kings of Tyre
  • Pygmalion of Tyre, King of Tyre from 820-744 BC
• Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre (d. 1270)
• Amalric, Prince of Tyre (1272-1310), the Crusader nobleman

Other

• Marinos of Tyre, 1st century Lebanese geographer who may have originated the idea of the meridian
• Maximus of Tyre, Greek philosopher, 2nd century AD
• Dorotheus of Tyre, 3rd century saint
• Templar of Tyre, the Cyprus-based historian from the late 1200s and early 1300s

See also

• Tyr (disambiguation)
• Tire (disambiguation)

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