| Ugric | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution: |
Hungary and Western Siberia |
| Genetic classification: |
Uralic Finno-Ugric Ugric |
| Subdivisions: | |
Ugric or Ugrian languages (pronounced /ˈjuːɡrɨk, ˈjuːɡriən/) are a branch of the Finno-Ugric language family. The term derives from Yugra.
They include three languages: Hungarian (Magyar), and the Ob-Ugric languages, Khanty (Ostyak) and Mansi language (Vogul). Their common Proto-Ugric language was probably spoken from the end of the 3rd millennium BC until the first half of the 1st millennium BC[citation needed], in Western Siberia, east from the southern Ural mountains.
Structural features
- Distinct verb conjugations according to the transitivity of the verb. It is sometimes termed as “definite” versus “indefinite” conjugation, because also the definiteness of the object can play a role when selecting between the two
- Verbal Prefixes - modify the meaning of the verb in both concrete and abstract ways
Examples from Mansi
ēl(a) - 'forwards, onwards, away'
| jōm- 'to go, to stride' | ēl-jōm- 'to go away/on' |
| tinal- 'to sell' | ēl-tinal- 'to sell off' |
χot - 'direction away from something and other nuances of action intensity'
| min- 'to go' | χot-min- 'to go away, to stop' |
| roχt- 'to be frightened' | χot-roχt- 'to take fright suddenly' |
Examples from Hungarian
el - 'away, off'
| ugrik 'to jump' | elugrik 'to jump away' |
| mosolyog 'to smile' | elmosolyodik 'to start to smile' |
ki - 'out (of)'
| ugrik 'to jump' | kiugrik 'to jump out' |
| olvas 'to read' | kiolvas 'to read out' |
In Hungarian, the citation form of verbs is the 3rd person singular form, which is given here, which doesn't have any suffixes.
See also
References
- Riese, Timothy (2001). Vogul: Languages of the World/Materials 158. Lincom Europa. ISBN 3-89586-231-2. http://www.lincom.at.
- Törkenczy, Miklós (1997). Hungarian Verbs & Essentials of Grammar. Passport Books. ISBN 0-8442-8350-9.
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